APOBEC3B
Domain
The CMP/dCMP deaminase domain 1 mediates RNA binding, RNA-dependent oligomerization and virion incorporation whereas the CMP/dCMP deaminase domain 2 confers deoxycytidine deaminase activity and substrate sequence specificity.
Function
DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at high and moderate levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, testes, heart, thymus, prostate and ovary. Also expressed at low levels in several other tissues.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
Alternative names
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B, A3B, Phorbolin-1-related protein, Phorbolin-2/3, APOBEC3B