ARG1

GeneName

ARG1

Summary

ARG1, also known as Arg-1 or arginase-1, is a 35kDa enzyme predominantly expressed in macrophages and other immune cells. It is located in the cytoplasm and extracellular region, and plays a vital role in the urea cycle by catalysing the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. ARG1 is involved in various biological processes, including the adaptive and innate immune responses, and contributes to the regulation of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Its activity is crucial for modulating immune responses, particularly in the context of inflammation and infection.

Importance

ARG1 is relevant to: - Immune regulation and inflammation through its role in arginine metabolism and T cell inhibition - Host defence mechanisms against protozoan and fungal infections due to its involvement in the immune response - The urea cycle, impacting nitrogen metabolism and detoxification processes - Therapeutic strategies targeting immune modulation in diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders

Top Products

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Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that ARG1 is being studied in various contexts related to obesity and cancer, particularly in mouse models. The use of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting suggests a focus on protein expression levels in adipose tissue and brain, as well as in pancreatic cancer. The studies highlight the role of ARG1 in metabolic processes and tumour biology.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Function

Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.

Functions in L-arginine homeostasis in nonhepatic tissues characterized by the competition between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase for the available intracellular substrate arginine. Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Involved in an antimicrobial effector pathway in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Upon PMN cell death is liberated from the phagolysosome and depletes arginine in the microenvironment leading to suppressed T cell and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (PubMed:15546957, PubMed:16709924, PubMed:19380772). In group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promotes acute type 2 inflammation in the lung and is involved in optimal ILC2 proliferation but not survival (By similarity). In humans, the immunological role in the monocytic/macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) lineage is unsure.

Involvement in disease

Argininemia

ARGIN

A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic hyperammonemia occurs. Clinical manifestations include developmental delay, seizures, intellectual disability, hypotonia, ataxia and progressive spastic quadriplegia.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Pathway

Nitrogen metabolism; urea cycle; L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine: step 1/1.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the arginase family.

Tissue Specificity

Within the immune system initially reported to be selectively expressed in granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) (PubMed:15546957). Also detected in macrophages mycobacterial granulomas (PubMed:23749634). Expressed in group2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) during lung disease (PubMed:27043409).

Cellular localization

• Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasmic granule
• Localized in azurophil granules of neutrophils (PubMed:15546957).

Alternative names

Arginase-1, Liver-type arginase, Type I arginase, ARG1

Database links

swissprot:P05089 entrezGene:383 omim:608313

Other research areas

• Oncology