ATG5

GeneName

ATG5

Summary

ATG5, also known as ASP, ATG-5, or autophagy related protein 5, is a 32 kDa protein that plays a vital role in the autophagy process, particularly in the formation of autophagosomes. It is involved in various cellular structures, including the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex, phagophores, and autophagosomes, and is expressed in diverse tissues such as the cytoplasm, axons, and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact sites. ATG5 is essential for macroautophagy, mitophagy, and other forms of selective autophagy, contributing to cellular homeostasis and response to stress.

Importance

ATG5 is relevant to: - Autophagy-related diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer, due to its role in cellular degradation and recycling processes. - Cardiac health, as it is involved in cardiac muscle cell apoptosis and heart contraction regulation. - Immune responses, particularly in antigen processing and presentation, as well as in the defence against viral infections. - Neurobiology, considering its involvement in axonal transport and synaptic modulation, which are crucial for neuronal function.

Top Products

For researchers investigating ATG5, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-APG5L/ATG5 antibody [EPR1755(2)] (ab108327). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring reliable performance in various applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 270 citations, it is well-regarded in the research community, making it an excellent choice for those seeking dependable detection of ATG5. The Recombinant Human APG5L/ATG5 protein ELISA Kit (ab103787) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure ATG5 levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates a strong focus on the role of ATG5 in various biological contexts, particularly in studies related to autophagy, lipid accumulation, and diabetes. The use of Abcam antibodies in both mouse and human samples highlights the relevance of ATG5 in different species and its potential implications in diseases such as renal cell carcinoma and ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Function

Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is essential for both B and T lymphocyte survival and proliferation. Required for optimal processing and presentation of antigens for MHC II. Involved in the maintenance of axon morphology and membrane structures, as well as in normal adipocyte differentiation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis through removal of OFD1 from centriolar satellites and degradation of IFT20 via the autophagic pathway. As part of the ATG8 conjugation system with ATG12 and ATG16L1, required for recruitment of LRRK2 to stressed lysosomes and induction of LRRK2 kinase activity in response to lysosomal stress (By similarity).

May play an important role in the apoptotic process, possibly within the modified cytoskeleton. Its expression is a relatively late event in the apoptotic process, occurring downstream of caspase activity. Plays a crucial role in IFN-gamma-induced autophagic cell death by interacting with FADD.

(Microbial infection) May act as a proviral factor. In association with ATG12, negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by impairing the type I IFN production pathway upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747). Required for the translation of incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and, thereby, for initiation of HCV replication, but not required once infection is established (PubMed:19666601).

Involvement in disease

Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, 25

SCAR25

A form of spinocerebellar ataxia, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCAR25 patients manifest delayed psychomotor development with delayed walking, truncal ataxia, dysmetria, and nystagmus, Cerebellar hypoplasia is seen on brain imaging.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Post-translational modifications

Conjugated to ATG12; which is essential for autophagy, but is not required for association with isolation membrane.

Acetylated by EP300.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the ATG5 family.

Tissue Specificity

Ubiquitous. The mRNA is present at similar levels in viable and apoptotic cells, whereas the protein is dramatically highly expressed in apoptotic cells.

Cellular localization

• Cytoplasm
• Preautophagosomal structure membrane
• Peripheral membrane protein
• Colocalizes with nonmuscle actin. The conjugate detaches from the membrane immediately before or after autophagosome formation is completed (By similarity). Also localizes to discrete punctae along the ciliary axoneme and to the base of the ciliary axoneme. Under starved conditions, the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex is translocated to phagophores driven by RAB33B (PubMed:32960676).

Alternative names

APG5L, ASP, ATG5, Autophagy protein 5, APG5-like, Apoptosis-specific protein

Database links

swissprot:Q9H1Y0 omim:604261 entrezGene:9474

Other research areas

• Neuroscience