ATG7
GeneName
ATG7
Summary
ATG7, also known as autophagy related protein 7 or Apg7, is a 78 kDa protein that plays a vital role in the process of autophagy, which is essential for cellular homeostasis and response to stress. It is primarily localised in the cytoplasm and is involved in the assembly of autophagosomes. ATG7 functions as an activating enzyme for the conjugation of Atg12 and Atg8, facilitating the formation of autophagic structures. The protein is also implicated in various cellular responses, including those to starvation and hyperoxia, and has roles in mitophagy and the regulation of apoptotic processes.
Importance
ATG7 is relevant to: - Autophagy and cellular homeostasis, influencing the degradation of damaged organelles and proteins - Responses to stress and nutrient deprivation, impacting cell survival and adaptation - Viral defense mechanisms, as it contributes to the degradation of viral components - Neurodegenerative diseases, where impaired autophagy is often observed, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target - Cancer research, due to its role in regulating cell death and survival pathways
Top Products
For researchers investigating ATG7, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-ATG7 antibody [EPR6251] (ab133528). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring its reliability for your experiments. It is particularly effective in Western blotting (WB) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), making it a versatile choice for various applications. With 120 citations, this antibody is well-regarded in the research community, reflecting its trusted performance in ATG7 studies. The Anti-ATG7 antibody [EP1759Y] ELISA Kit (ab52472), supported by 84 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure ATG7 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that ATG7 is a significant target in studies related to autophagy, particularly in human cells and mouse models. The use of Abcam antibodies in various applications such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry highlights the importance of ATG7 in understanding cellular processes and disease mechanisms, including hematopoietic system effects and colorectal cancer.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
The C-terminal part of the protein is essential for the dimerization and interaction with ATG3 and ATG12.
The N-terminal FAP motif (residues 15 to 17) is essential for the formation of the ATG89-PE and ATG5-ATG12 conjugates.
Function
E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Facilitates LC3-I lipidation with phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3-II which is found on autophagosomal membranes (PubMed:34161705). Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Modulates p53/TP53 activity to regulate cell cycle and survival during metabolic stress. Also plays a key role in the maintenance of axonal homeostasis, the prevention of axonal degeneration, the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, the formation of Paneth cell granules, as well as in adipose differentiation. Plays a role in regulating the liver clock and glucose metabolism by mediating the autophagic degradation of CRY1 (clock repressor) in a time-dependent manner (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, 31
SCAR31
A form of spinocerebellar ataxia, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCAR30 is characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual and language development, ataxic gait, tremor, and dysarthria. Most affected individuals have optic atrophy. Additional features may include retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural deafness, dysmorphic facial features, and possibly endocrine dysfunction.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Acetylated by EP300.
Polyubiquitinated on Lys-45 via 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin by TRIM32; this modification positiely regulates ATG8 and ATG12 activating enzyme activity leading to initiation of autophagy under metabolic stress.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the ATG7 family.
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed, especially in kidney, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Preautophagosomal structure
- Also localizes to discrete punctae along the ciliary axoneme and to the base of the ciliary axoneme.
Alternative names
APG7L, ATG7, Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7, ATG12-activating enzyme E1 ATG7, Autophagy-related protein 7, Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like protein, APG7-like, hAGP7
Database links
swissprot:O95352 omim:608760 entrezGene:10533
Other research areas
- Neuroscience