ATP-citrate synthase phospho S451 + T447
Function
Catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, the latter serving as common substrate for de novo cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated by PKA and GSK3 in a sequential manner; phosphorylation results in activation of its activity (PubMed:10653665). Phosphorylation on Thr-447 and Ser-451 depends on the phosphorylation state of Ser-455 (By similarity). Phosphorylation on Ser-455 is decreased by prior phosphorylation on the other 2 residues (By similarity). Phosphorylated at Ser-455 by BCKDK and dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PPM1K.
ISGylated.
Acetylated at Lys-540, Lys-546 and Lys-554 by KAT2B/PCAF (PubMed:23932781). Acetylation is promoted by glucose and stabilizes the protein, probably by preventing ubiquitination at the same sites (PubMed:23932781). Acetylation promotes de novo lipid synthesis (PubMed:23932781). Deacetylated by SIRT2.
Ubiquitinated at Lys-540, Lys-546 and Lys-554 by the BCR(KLHL25) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and UBR4, leading to its degradation (PubMed:23932781, PubMed:27664236, PubMed:34491895). Ubiquitination is probably inhibited by acetylation at same site (PubMed:23932781). BCR(KLHL25)-mediated degradation of ACLY promotes fatty acid oxidation and is required for differentiation of inducible regulatory T (iTreg) cells (PubMed:34491895).
Sequence Similarities
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cytosol
Alternative names
ATP-citrate synthase, ATP-citrate (pro-S-)-lyase, Citrate cleavage enzyme, ACL, ACLY