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Function

Isoform 1

Essential for normal retinal maturation and development (By similarity). Acts as a retinal cell surface receptor for NXNL1 and plays an important role in NXNL1-mediated survival of retinal cone photoreceptors (PubMed:25957687). In association with glucose transporter SLC16A1/GLUT1 and NXNL1, promotes retinal cone survival by enhancing aerobic glycolysis and accelerating the entry of glucose into photoreceptors (PubMed:25957687). May act as a potent stimulator of IL6 secretion in multiple cell lines that include monocytes (PubMed:21620857).

Isoform 1

(Microbial infection) Erythrocyte receptor for P.falciparum RH5 which is essential for erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite stage of P.falciparum isolates 3D7 and Dd2.

Isoform 2

Signaling receptor for cyclophilins, essential for PPIA/CYPA and PPIB/CYPB-dependent signaling related to chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells (PubMed:11688976, PubMed:11943775). Plays an important role in targeting monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1/GLUT1, SLC16A11 and SLC16A12 to the plasma membrane (PubMed:17127621, PubMed:21778275, PubMed:28666119). Acts as a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR/VEGFR2) in endothelial cells enhancing its VEGFA-mediated activation and downstream signaling (PubMed:25825981). Promotes angiogenesis through EPAS1/HIF2A-mediated up-regulation of VEGFA (isoform VEGF-165 and VEGF-121) and KDR/VEGFR2 in endothelial cells (PubMed:19837976). Plays a key role in regulating tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and neoangiogenesis by stimulating the production and release of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and KDR/VEGFR2 by both tumor cells and stromal cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) (PubMed:11992541, PubMed:12553375, PubMed:15833850).

Isoform 2

(Microbial infection) Erythrocyte receptor for P.falciparum RH5 which is essential for erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite stage of P.falciparum isolates 3D7, Dd2, 7G8 and HB3 (PubMed:22080952, PubMed:26195724). Binding of P.falciparum RH5 results in BSG dimerization which triggers an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) in the erythrocyte (PubMed:28409866). This essential step leads to a rearrangement of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton required for the merozoite invasion (PubMed:28409866).

Isoform 2

(Microbial infection) Can facilitate human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) infection via its interaction with virus-associated PPIA/CYPA.

Isoform 2

(Microbial infection) Can facilitate HIV-1 infection via its interaction with virus-associated PPIA/CYPA.

Isoform 2

(Microbial infection) First described as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is not required for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Isoform 2

(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for measles virus.

Isoform 2

(Microbial infection) Promotes entry of pentamer-expressing human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) into epithelial and endothelial cells.

Post-translational modifications

Isoform 2

N-glycosylated.

Isoform 3

N-glycosylated.

Isoform 4

N-glycosylated.

Tissue specificity

Isoform 1

Retina-specific (PubMed:25957687). Expressed in retinal cone photoreceptors (at protein level) (PubMed:25957687).

Isoform 2

Expressed in erythrocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:26195724, PubMed:28409866). Highly expressed in melanoma cell lines (at protein level) (PubMed:11992541). Highly expressed in the heart, kidney, skeletal muscle and testis (PubMed:21536654).

Isoform 3

Highly expressed in the bone marrow, fetal liver, lung, testis and thymus.

Isoform 4

Highly expressed in the bone marrow, fetal liver, lung, testis and thymus.

Cellular localization

  • Melanosome
  • Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV.
  • Isoform 1
  • Cell membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein
  • Photoreceptor inner segment
  • Cell projection
  • Cilium
  • Photoreceptor outer segment
  • Isoform 2
  • Cell membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein
  • Endosome
  • Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein
  • Basolateral cell membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein
  • Isoform 3
  • Cell membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein
  • Isoform 4
  • Cell membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein

Alternative names

CD147, UNQ6505/PRO21383, BSG, Basigin, 5F7, Collagenase stimulatory factor, Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, Hepatoma-associated antigen, Leukocyte activation antigen M6, OK blood group antigen, Tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor, EMMPRIN, HAb18G, TCSF

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Immunology & Infectious Disease

Molecular weight

42200Da

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