CCR5
Function
Receptor for a number of inflammatory CC-chemokines including CCL3/MIP-1-alpha, CCL4/MIP-1-beta and RANTES and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion level. May play a role in the control of granulocytic lineage proliferation or differentiation. Participates in T-lymphocyte migration to the infection site by acting as a chemotactic receptor (PubMed:30713770).
(Microbial infection) Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) of human immunodeficiency virus-1/HIV-1.
Involvement in disease
Type 1 diabetes mellitus 22
T1D22
A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical features are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.
None
Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Sulfated on at least 2 of the N-terminal tyrosines. Sulfation contributes to the efficiency of HIV-1 entry and is required for efficient binding of the chemokines, CCL3 and CCL4.
O-glycosylated, but not N-glycosylated. Ser-6 appears to be the major site even if Ser-7 may be also O-glycosylated. Also sialylated glycans present which contribute to chemokine binding. Thr-16 and Ser-17 may also be glycosylated and, if so, with small moieties such as a T-antigen.
Palmitoylation in the C-terminal is important for cell surface expression, and to a lesser extent, for HIV entry.
Phosphorylation on serine residues in the C-terminal is stimulated by binding CC chemokines especially by APO-RANTES.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in spleen, thymus, in the myeloid cell line THP-1, in the promyeloblastic cell line KG-1a and on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Medium levels in peripheral blood leukocytes and in small intestine. Low levels in ovary and lung.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
Alternative names
CD195, CMKBR5, CCR5, C-C chemokine receptor type 5, C-C CKR-5, CC-CKR-5, CCR-5, CHEMR13, HIV-1 fusion coreceptor
Database links
swissprot:P51681 omim:601373 omim:188370 swissprot:P15813 entrezGene:909 entrezGene:910 entrezGene:911 entrezGene:912 entrezGene:1234 omim:188360 omim:188340 swissprot:P29017 swissprot:P29016 swissprot:P06126
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology