CD14
GeneName
CD14
Summary
CD14, also known as CD-14 or monocyte differentiation antigen CD14, is a 40 kDa glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages, as well as in a soluble form in the extracellular space. It is a component of the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex and plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognising and binding to bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acids. CD14 is involved in various cellular processes including phagocytosis and the regulation of cytokine production, and it participates in signalling pathways associated with toll-like receptors. Its presence on the cell membrane and in endosomal compartments highlights its role in immune cell activation and response to pathogens.
Importance
CD14 is relevant to: - The innate immune response, particularly in the recognition and response to bacterial infections through its role as a pattern recognition receptor. - Inflammatory processes, as it modulates cytokine production and contributes to the regulation of immune responses. - Research into sepsis and other inflammatory diseases, given its involvement in lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathways. - The development of therapeutic strategies targeting CD14 to modulate immune responses in various diseases.
Top Products
For researchers investigating CD14, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-CD14 antibody [SP192] (ab183322). This antibody has been validated for use in flow cytometry (FC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blotting (WB), making it a versatile tool for various experimental needs. With 36 citations, it has garnered a solid reputation in the research community, reflecting its reliability and effectiveness in detecting CD14. This recombinant antibody ensures batch-to-batch consistency, providing researchers with confidence in their results. The Human CD14 ELISA Kit (ab208983) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure CD14 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that CD14 is being studied in various contexts, particularly in relation to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and endothelial cell differentiation. The use of different species, including mouse and human, highlights the relevance of CD14 in both cancer research and immunology. The applications of Western blotting and immunofluorescence suggest a focus on protein expression and localisation in these studies.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
The C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region is required for responses to smooth LPS.
Function
Coreceptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:1698311, PubMed:23264655). In concert with LBP, binds to monomeric lipopolysaccharide and delivers it to the LY96/TLR4 complex, thereby mediating the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:20133493, PubMed:22265692, PubMed:23264655). Acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:8612135). Acts as a coreceptor for TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer in response to diacylated lipopeptides and for TLR2:TLR1 heterodimer in response to triacylated lipopeptides, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell surface and subsequently are targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway (PubMed:16880211). Binds electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL(-) (PubMed:23880187).
Post-translational modifications
N- and O- glycosylated. O-glycosylated with a core 1 or possibly core 8 glycan.
Tissue Specificity
Detected on macrophages (at protein level) (PubMed:1698311). Expressed strongly on the surface of monocytes and weakly on the surface of granulocytes; also expressed by most tissue macrophages.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Lipid-anchor
- GPI-anchor
- Secreted
- Membrane raft
- Golgi apparatus
- Secreted forms may arise by cleavage of the GPI anchor.
Alternative names
CD14, Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14, My23 antigen, Myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein
Database links
swissprot:P08571 omim:158120 entrezGene:929
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology