Cd274

Function

Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:11238124). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response (PubMed:11238124). Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:12719480).

The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:12218188, PubMed:27281199). The interaction with PDCD1/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (PubMed:12218188). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (PubMed:12218188).

Post-translational modifications

Ubiquitinated; STUB1 likely mediates polyubiquitination of PD-L1/CD274 triggering its degradation. Ubiquitinated by MARCHF8; leading to degradation. Deubiquitinated by USP22; leading to stabilization.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family.

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in the heart, thymus, skeletal muscle, and lung. Weakly expressed in the kidney, spleen, thyroid, and liver. Expressed on activated dendritic cells, B-cells and macrophages. Expressed in numerous tumor cells lines of lymphoid origin.

Cellular localization

• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Early endosome membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Recycling endosome membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein

Alternative names

CD274, B7h1, Pdcd1l1, Pdcd1lg1, Pdl1, Cd274, Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1, PDCD1 ligand 1, Programmed death ligand 1, B7 homolog 1, B7-H1

Database links

swissprot:Q9EP73 entrezGene:60533

Other research areas

• Immunology & Infectious Disease