CD31

Domain

The Ig-like C2-type domains 2 and 3 contribute to formation of the complex with BDKRB2 and in regulation of its activity.

Function

Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions (PubMed:19342684, PubMed:17580308). Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes (PubMed:19342684). Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions (PubMed:27958302). Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils (PubMed:17580308). Homophilic ligation of PECAM1 prevents macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of neighboring viable leukocytes by transmitting a detachment signal (PubMed:12110892). Promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes by tethering them to the phagocytic cells; PECAM1-mediated detachment signal appears to be disabled in apoptotic leukocytes (PubMed:12110892). Modulates bradykinin receptor BDKRB2 activation (PubMed:18672896). Regulates bradykinin- and hyperosmotic shock-induced ERK1/2 activation in endothelial cells (PubMed:18672896). Induces susceptibility to atherosclerosis (By similarity).

Isoform Delta15

Does not protect against apoptosis.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated on Ser and Tyr residues after cellular activation by src kinases (PubMed:21464369, PubMed:9298995, PubMed:19342684, PubMed:18710921). Upon activation, phosphorylated on Ser-729 which probably initiates the dissociation of the membrane-interaction segment (residues 709-729) from the cell membrane allowing the sequential phosphorylation of Tyr-713 and Tyr-690 (PubMed:21464369). Constitutively phosphorylated on Ser-734 in resting platelets (PubMed:21464369). Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by FER and FES in response to FCER1 activation (By similarity). In endothelial cells Fyn mediates mechanical-force (stretch or pull) induced tyrosine phosphorylation (PubMed:18710921).

Palmitoylation by ZDHHC21 is necessary for cell surface expression in endothelial cells and enrichment in membrane rafts.

Tissue specificity

Expressed on platelets and leukocytes and is primarily concentrated at the borders between endothelial cells (PubMed:18388311, PubMed:21464369). Expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (at protein level) (PubMed:19342684, PubMed:17580308). Expressed on neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:17580308). Isoform Long predominates in all tissues examined (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta12 is detected only in trachea (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta14-15 is only detected in lung (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta14 is detected in all tissues examined with the strongest expression in heart (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta15 is expressed in brain, testis, ovary, cell surface of platelets, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Jurkat T-cell leukemia, human erythroleukemia (HEL) and U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cell lines (at protein level) (PubMed:12433657, PubMed:18388311).

Cellular localization

• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Cell surface expression on neutrophils is down-regulated upon fMLP or CXCL8/IL8-mediated stimulation.
• Isoform Long
• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Membrane raft
• Cell junction
• Localizes to the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and recycles from the LBRC to the junction in resting endothelial cells.
• Isoform Delta15
• Cell junction
• Localizes to the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and recycles from the LBRC to the junction in resting endothelial cells.

Alternative names

• Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule
• PECAM-1
• EndoCAM
• GPIIA'
• PECA1
• PECAM1

Database links

• entrezGene:5175
• omim:173445
• swissprot:P16284

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Immuno-oncology

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Immunology & Infectious Disease

Molecular weight

82522Da