CD38
GeneName
CD38
Summary
CD38 is a 34 kDa glycoprotein that is predominantly expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including B cells and T cells, as well as in other tissues such as the brain and pancreas. It is localised to the plasma membrane and plays a crucial role in cell signalling and communication. CD38 functions as an NAD+-glycohydrolase, generating cyclic ADP-ribose, which is important for calcium signalling and various cellular processes. It is involved in multiple biological pathways, including B cell proliferation, apoptotic signalling, and responses to hormones such as estradiol and progesterone. Additionally, CD38 is implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and has a role in the negative regulation of processes such as bone resorption and DNA-templated transcription.
Importance
CD38 is relevant to: - Immune responses and B cell activation, contributing to the understanding of autoimmune diseases and immunotherapy - Calcium signalling pathways, influencing neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, which are critical in neurodegenerative diseases - Vascular biology, particularly in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction, impacting cardiovascular health - Metabolic processes, including insulin secretion, which has implications for diabetes research - Apoptosis and cell survival mechanisms, providing insights into cancer biology and therapeutic targets.
Top Products
For researchers investigating CD38, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-CD38 antibody [EPR4106] (ab108403). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring reliable performance in your experiments. It is suitable for a variety of applications, with a strong emphasis on Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). With 31 citations, this product is well-regarded in the research community, making it a dependable choice for those studying CD38. The Human CD38 ELISA Kit (ab267801) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure CD38 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The use of the CD38 antibody ab108403 in both western blotting and immunohistochemistry highlights its relevance in studying inflammatory bowel disease in human patients. This suggests a potential role for CD38 in the pathology of this condition.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
Preferentially expressed at both early and late stages of the B and T-cell maturation. It is also detected on erythroid and myeloid progenitors in bone marrow, where the level of surface expression was shown to decrease during differentiation of blast-forming unit E to colony-forming unit E.
Function
Multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein able to exert enzymatic activities and also to mobilize calcium, to transduce signals, to adhere to hyaluronan and to other ligands. Synthesizes cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion (PubMed:7961800, PubMed:8253715). Synthesizes the Ca(2+) mobilizer nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NAADP(+), from 2'-phospho-cADPR and nicotinic acid, as well as from NADP(+) and nicotinic acid. At both pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 preferentially transforms 2'-phospho-cADPR into NAADP(+), while preferentially cleaving NADP(+) to cADPR and ADPRP rather than into NADDP(+) (PubMed:16690024). Has cADPR hydrolase activity (PubMed:7961800, PubMed:8253715). Functions also as a receptor that binds the ligand CD31 on endothelial cells, promoting lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and migration across the endothelial barrier (PubMed:9551996). Involved in the regulation of crucial dendritic cell functions acquired at the mature stage, such as CCL21-driven migration, survival, and Th1-polarizing activity (PubMed:16293598). In lamina propria T lymphocytes, CD38/CD31 cognate interactions initiate a multistep signaling pathway resulting in activation of LCK anf LAT, followed by cytokine release (PubMed:11259373).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at high levels in pancreas, liver, kidney, brain, testis, ovary, placenta, malignant lymphoma and neuroblastoma.
Cellular localization
- Cell surface
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Localizes in membrane lipid domains.
Alternative names
CD38, ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1, 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase, 2'-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase, 2'-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase, ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1, Cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1, T10, ADPRC 1, cADPR hydrolase 1
Database links
swissprot:P28907 omim:107270 entrezGene:952
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology