CD3E

GeneName

CD3E

Summary

CD3E, also known as CD3 or CD3 epsilon, is a 23 kDa protein that is a crucial component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, which is essential for T cell activation and signalling. It is predominantly expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes, including both alpha-beta and gamma-delta T cells. CD3E is involved in forming the immunological synapse, facilitating communication between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Its presence at the plasma membrane and cell-cell junctions enables effective signalling through interactions with other proteins, thereby playing a role in various immune responses, including the adaptive immune response and T cell proliferation.

Importance

CD3E is relevant to: - T cell activation and costimulation, which are fundamental processes in the adaptive immune response - Regulation of T cell anergy and proliferation, impacting immune tolerance and responses - Development of therapies targeting T cell responses in cancer and autoimmune diseases - Understanding T cell receptor signalling pathways, which are critical for immune cell function and development

Top Products

For researchers investigating CD3E, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the highly regarded Anti-CD3 epsilon antibody [SP7] (ab16669), which has garnered 987 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. This monoclonal antibody is versatile, suitable for flow cytometry (FC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blotting (WB). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-CD3 antibody [CD3-12] (ab11089). This product has also been validated for FC, IHC, and WB, making it a reliable choice for those seeking the consistency that recombinant antibodies provide. With 149 citations, it is well-recognised among researchers. Together, these antibodies offer robust options for studying CD3E effectively. The Anti-CD3 epsilon antibody ELISA Kit (ab133628) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure CD3E levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates a significant focus on the role of CD3E in various immune-related contexts, particularly in mouse models. Studies have explored its involvement in atherosclerosis, allogeneic transplantation, immune cell engraftment, and T lymphocyte infiltration in allografts. Additionally, CD3E has been investigated in relation to inflammatory responses in tissues such as the lung, kidney, and skin, as well as in cancer contexts, including hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. The use of multiple applications, primarily immunohistochemistry, highlights the importance of CD3E in understanding immune cell dynamics across different biological settings.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Function

Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response (PubMed:15294938, PubMed:15546002, PubMed:2470098, PubMed:40592325, PubMed:8490660). When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD247/CD3Z (PubMed:2470098, PubMed:40592325). All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain (PubMed:2470098, PubMed:40592325). Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways (PubMed:2470098, PubMed:40592325). CD3E ITAM phosphorylation creates docking sites for the protein kinase ZAP70 leading to ZAP70 phosphorylation and its conversion into a catalytically active enzyme (By similarity). In addition of this role of signal transduction in T-cell activation, CD3E plays an essential role in correct T-cell development (By similarity). Also participates in internalization and cell surface down-regulation of TCR-CD3 complexes via endocytosis sequences present in CD3E cytosolic region (PubMed:10384095, PubMed:26507128). In addition to its role as a TCR coreceptor, it serves as a receptor for ITPRIPL1 (PubMed:38614099). Ligand recognition inhibits T-cell activation by promoting interaction with NCK1, which prevents CD3E-ZAP70 interaction and blocks the ERK-NFkB signaling cascade and calcium influx (PubMed:12110186, PubMed:38614099).

Involvement in disease

Immunodeficiency 18

IMD18

An autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of recurrent infections. The severity is variable, encompassing both a mild immunodeficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), resulting in early death without bone marrow transplantation in some patients. Immunologic work-up of the IMD18 SCID patients shows a T cell-negative, B cell-positive, natural killer (NK) cell-positive phenotype, whereas T-cell development is not impaired in the mild form of IMD18.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated on Tyr residues after T-cell receptor triggering by LCK in association with CD4/CD8.

Cellular localization

• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein

Alternative names

CD3e, T3E, CD3E, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain, T-cell surface antigen T3/Leu-4 epsilon chain

Database links

swissprot:P07766 omim:186730 omim:186740 omim:186780 entrezGene:926 entrezGene:925 entrezGene:920 entrezGene:919 entrezGene:917 entrezGene:916 entrezGene:915 swissprot:P10966 swissprot:P20963 swissprot:P01732 swissprot:P01730 swissprot:P04234 swissprot:P09693 omim:186940 omim:186910 omim:186830 omim:186790

Other research areas

• Immunology & Infectious Disease