CD86
GeneName
CD86
Summary
CD86, also known as B70, FUN-1, or ETC1, is a 38 kDa transmembrane protein predominantly expressed on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. It is localised to the cell surface and plasma membrane, where it functions as a co-stimulatory molecule that interacts with CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells, playing a pivotal role in T cell activation and the adaptive immune response. CD86 is involved in various signalling pathways that regulate immune responses, including B cell activation and the production of cytokines such as interleukins.
Importance
CD86 is relevant to: - T cell activation and costimulation, which are essential for effective adaptive immunity - Regulation of immune responses, influencing both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways - Potential therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy, where modulation of co-stimulatory signals can enhance anti-tumour immunity - Understanding autoimmune diseases, as dysregulation of CD86 can lead to inappropriate immune activation
Top Products
For researchers investigating CD86, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-CD86 antibody [EPR21962] (ab239075). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring its reliability in various applications, including flow cytometry (FC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blotting (WB), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 75 citations, it is well-regarded in the research community, making it an excellent choice for those seeking dependable CD86 detection in their studies. The Human CD86 ELISA Kit (ab242239) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure CD86 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that CD86 is being studied in various contexts, particularly in relation to macrophage polarization in rats and the effects of omega-3 supplementation in mouse paw muscle. Additionally, CD86 is also being investigated in human cells concerning NK-mediated cytotoxicity.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Costimulatory molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays an important role in T-lymphocyte activation (PubMed:12196291, PubMed:7694363). Acts as the primary auxiliary signal augmenting the MHC/TCR signal in naive T-cells by acting as a ligand for the CD28 receptor which is constitutively expressed on the cell surface of T-cells (PubMed:12196291, PubMed:7694363). May play a critical role in the early events of T-cell activation and costimulation of naive T-cells, such as deciding between immunity and anergy that is made by T-cells within 24 hours after activation (PubMed:7527824). Also involved in the regulation of B cells function, plays a role in regulating the level of IgG(1) produced. Upon CD40 engagement, activates NF-kappa-B signaling pathway via phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation (By similarity). Also acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation by acting as a ligand for CTLA4, a decoy receptor, thereby blocking CD28-mediated T-cell priming (PubMed:11279501).
Isoform 2
Interferes with the formation of CD86 clusters, and thus acts as a negative regulator of T-cell activation.
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for adenovirus subgroup B.
Post-translational modifications
Polyubiquitinated; which is promoted by MARCH8 and results in endocytosis and lysosomal degradation.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
Alternative names
CD86, CD28LG2, T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86, Activation B7-2 antigen, B70, BU63, CTLA-4 counter-receptor B7.2, FUN-1