CEBPB
GeneName
CEBPB
Summary
CEBPB, also known as LAP, LIP, or SFB, is a 36kDa transcription factor that plays a critical role in various biological processes including differentiation, immune response, and stress response. It is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, where it is involved in the regulation of gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences as a transcription activator or repressor. CEBPB is part of the C/EBP family of transcription factors and is associated with complexes such as the C/EBP complex and RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex. Its functions extend to the regulation of processes such as brown fat cell differentiation, liver regeneration, and the acute-phase response.
Importance
CEBPB is relevant to: - The regulation of metabolic processes, particularly in adipose tissue and liver function, influencing obesity and diabetes research. - Immune system modulation, as it plays a role in T cell activation and inflammatory responses, making it significant in studies of autoimmune diseases. - Stress response pathways, particularly in the context of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, which are important in cancer research. - Developmental biology, given its involvement in processes such as embryonic placenta development and cell differentiation.
Top Products
For researchers investigating CEBPB, we highly recommend the well-cited Anti-CEBP Beta antibody [E299] - C-terminal (ab32358). This monoclonal antibody has garnered 119 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. It is validated for use in several applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunoprecipitation (IP), and flow cytometry (FC), making it a versatile tool for your research needs. Notably, this antibody has also been validated in knockout models, ensuring reliable performance in your experiments. The Human CEBPB ELISA Kit (ab233631) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure CEBPB levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that CEBPB is being studied in various contexts, particularly in human THP-1 cells and mouse models. The applications primarily involve Western blotting and ChIP analysis, highlighting the role of CEBPB in transcription factor binding and its implications in neuroprotection and immune responses.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
The 9aaTAD motif is a transactivation domain present in a large number of yeast and animal transcription factors.
Function
Important transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses (PubMed:12048245, PubMed:1741402, PubMed:18647749, PubMed:9374525). Also plays a significant role in adipogenesis, as well as in the gluconeogenic pathway, liver regeneration, and hematopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Its functional capacity is governed by protein interactions and post-translational protein modifications. During early embryogenesis, plays essential and redundant roles with CEBPA. Has a promitotic effect on many cell types such as hepatocytes and adipocytes but has an antiproliferative effect on T-cells by repressing MYC expression, facilitating differentiation along the T-helper 2 lineage. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction and inflammation. Also plays a role in intracellular bacteria killing (By similarity). During adipogenesis, is rapidly expressed and, after activation by phosphorylation, induces CEBPA and PPARG, which turn on the series of adipocyte genes that give rise to the adipocyte phenotype. The delayed transactivation of the CEBPA and PPARG genes by CEBPB appears necessary to allow mitotic clonal expansion and thereby progression of terminal differentiation (PubMed:20829347). Essential for female reproduction because of a critical role in ovarian follicle development (By similarity). Restricts osteoclastogenesis: together with NFE2L1; represses expression of DSPP during odontoblast differentiation (By similarity).
Isoform 2
Essential for gene expression induction in activated macrophages. Plays a major role in immune responses such as CD4(+) T-cell response, granuloma formation and endotoxin shock. Not essential for intracellular bacteria killing.
Isoform 3
Acts as a dominant negative through heterodimerization with isoform 2 (PubMed:11741938). Promotes osteoblast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
Methylated. Methylation at Arg-3 by CARM1 and at Lys-43 by EHMT2 inhibit transactivation activity. Methylation is probably inhibited by phosphorylation at Thr-235.
Sumoylated by polymeric chains of SUMO2 or SUMO3 (PubMed:12810706). Sumoylation at Lys-174 is required for inhibition of T-cells proliferation. In adipocytes, sumoylation at Lys-174 by PIAS1 leads to ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Desumoylated by SENP2, which abolishes ubiquitination and stabilizes protein levels (By similarity).
Ubiquitinated, leading to proteasomal degradation.
Phosphorylated at Thr-235 by MAPK and CDK2, serves to prime phosphorylation at Thr-226 and Ser-231 by GSK3B and acquire DNA-binding as well as transactivation activities, required to induce adipogenesis. MAPK and CDK2 act sequentially to maintain Thr-235 in the primed phosphorylated state during mitotical cloning expansion and thereby progression of terminal differentiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-266 enhances transactivation activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-325 in response to calcium increases transactivation activity. Phosphorylated at Thr-235 by RPS6KA1 (PubMed:11684016).
O-glycosylated, glycosylation at Ser-227 and Ser-228 prevents phosphorylation on Thr-235, Ser-231 and Thr-226 and DNA binding activity which delays the adipocyte differentiation program.
Acetylated. Acetylation at Lys-43 is an important and dynamic regulatory event that contributes to its ability to transactivate target genes, including those associated with adipogenesis and adipocyte function. Deacetylation by HDAC1 represses its transactivation activity. Acetylated by KAT2A and KAT2B within a cluster of lysine residues between amino acids 129-133, this acetylation is strongly induced by glucocorticoid treatment and enhances transactivation activity.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the bZIP family. C/EBP subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at low levels in the lung, kidney and spleen.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Translocates to the nucleus when phosphorylated at Ser-288. In T-cells when sumoylated drawn to pericentric heterochromatin thereby allowing proliferation (By similarity).
Alternative names
TCF5, PP9092, CEBPB, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, C/EBP beta, Liver activator protein, Liver-enriched inhibitory protein, Nuclear factor NF-IL6, Transcription factor 5, LAP, LIP, TCF-5