CES1
Function
Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs (PubMed:18762277, PubMed:7980644, PubMed:9169443, PubMed:9490062). Hydrolyzes aromatic and aliphatic esters, but has no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acyl-CoA ester (PubMed:18762277, PubMed:7980644, PubMed:9169443, PubMed:9490062). Hydrolyzes the methyl ester group of cocaine to form benzoylecgonine (PubMed:7980644). Catalyzes the transesterification of cocaine to form cocaethylene (PubMed:7980644). Displays fatty acid ethyl ester synthase activity, catalyzing the ethyl esterification of oleic acid to ethyloleate (PubMed:7980644). Converts monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Hydrolyzes of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and prostaglandins (PubMed:21049984). Hydrolyzes cellular cholesteryl esters to free cholesterols and promotes reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) by facilitating both the initial and final steps in the process (PubMed:11015575, PubMed:16024911, PubMed:16971496, PubMed:18762277). First of all, allows free cholesterol efflux from macrophages to extracellular cholesterol acceptors and secondly, releases free cholesterol from lipoprotein-delivered cholesteryl esters in the liver for bile acid synthesis or direct secretion into the bile (PubMed:16971496, PubMed:18599737, PubMed:18762277).
Post-translational modifications
Contains sialic acid.
Cleavage of the signal sequence can occur at 2 positions, either between Trp-17 and Gly-18 or between Gly-18 and His-19.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed predominantly in liver with lower levels in heart and lung (PubMed:10562416). Expressed in macrophages (PubMed:11015575, PubMed:18762277, PubMed:21049984).
Cellular localization
- Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- Cytoplasm
- Lipid droplet
- Moves from cytoplasm to lipid droplets upon lipid loading. Associates with lipid droplets independently of triglycerides (TG) content of the droplets and hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters more efficiently from mixed droplets.
Alternative names
CES2, SES1, CES1, Liver carboxylesterase 1, Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, Brain carboxylesterase hBr1, Carboxylesterase 1, Cholesteryl ester hydrolase, Cocaine carboxylesterase, Egasyn, HMSE, Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase 1, Monocyte/macrophage serine esterase, Retinyl ester hydrolase, Serine esterase 1, Triacylglycerol hydrolase, ACAT, CE-1, hCE-1, CEH, REH, TGH