CHGA
GeneName
CHGA
Summary
Chromogranin A (CHGA), also referred to as SPI or CgA, is a 51 kDa secretory protein predominantly found in neuroendocrine cells and secretory granules. It plays a role in the formation and release of catecholamines and is involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of blood pressure and cardiac muscle contraction. CHGA is localised in several cellular components, including chromaffin granules, neuronal dense core vesicles, and the extracellular region. It is implicated in the immune response, particularly in mast cell activation and degranulation, as well as in the negative regulation of insulin secretion.
Importance
Chromogranin A is relevant to: - Neuroendocrine tumours, where it serves as a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response - Cardiovascular research due to its involvement in regulating cardiac muscle contraction and blood pressure - Immune response studies, particularly in understanding mast cell functions and their role in allergic reactions - Metabolic disorders, as it influences insulin secretion and may be linked to diabetes
Top Products
For researchers investigating CHGA, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-Chromogranin A antibody (ab15160), which has garnered 291 citations, highlighting its reliability in immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Chromogranin A antibody [EP1030Y] (ab68271). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for multiple applications, including IHC, immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blotting (WB), and flow cytometry (FC), making it a versatile option for those requiring consistent performance across various experimental setups. The Anti-Chromogranin A antibody [EP1030Y] ELISA Kit (ab68271), supported by 18 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure Chromogranin A levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that CHGA (Chromogranin A) is being studied in various contexts, particularly in human tissues such as prostate cancer, Barrett's oesophagus, and gastric mucosa. Additionally, it has been used in zebrafish pancreatic tumors and mouse endocrine progenitors, highlighting its relevance in both human and model organism studies.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Pancreastatin
Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.
Catestatin
Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist (PubMed:15326220). Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa (PubMed:15723172, PubMed:24723458). Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines (PubMed:21214543). Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro (PubMed:24723458). May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure (PubMed:18541522).
Serpinin
Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.
Post-translational modifications
Sulfated on tyrosine residues and/or contains sulfated glycans.
O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans (PubMed:19838169, PubMed:23234360, PubMed:9852066). Contains chondroitin sulfate (CS); CS attachment is pH-dependent, being observed at mildly acidic conditions of pH 5 but not at neutral pH, and promotes self-assembly in vitro (PubMed:25326458).
Proteolytic processing gives rise to an additional longer form of catestatin (residues 358-390) which displays a less potent catecholamine release-inhibitory activity (PubMed:10781584). Plasmin-mediated proteolytic processing can give rise to additional shorter and longer forms of catestatin peptides (PubMed:17991725).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.
Tissue Specificity
Detected in cerebrospinal fluid (at protein level) (PubMed:25326458). Detected in urine (at protein level) (PubMed:37453717).
GE-25
Found in the brain.
Cellular localization
- Serpinin
- Secreted
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Pyroglutaminated serpinin localizes to secretory vesicle.
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Neuronal dense core vesicle
- Secreted
- Associated with the secretory granule membrane through direct interaction to SCG3 that in turn binds to cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in intragranular conditions. In pituitary gonadotropes, located in large secretory granules.
Alternative names
Chromogranin-A, CgA, Pituitary secretory protein I, SP-I, CHGA