CHGA

Function

Pancreastatin

Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.

Catestatin

Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist (PubMed:15326220). Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa (PubMed:15723172 and PubMed:24723458). Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines (PubMed:21214543). Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro (PubMed:24723458). May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure (PubMed:18541522).

Serpinin

Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.

Post-translational modifications

Sulfated on tyrosine residues and/or contains sulfated glycans.

O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans.

Proteolytic processing gives rise to an additional longer form of catestatin (residues 358-390) which displays a less potent catecholamine release-inhibitory activity (PubMed:10781584). Plasmin-mediated proteolytic processing can give rise to additional shorter and longer forms of catestatin peptides (PubMed:17991725).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.

Tissue specificity

GE-25 is found in the brain.

Cellular localization

• Serpinin
• Secreted
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Secretory vesicle
• Pyroglutaminated serpinin localizes to secretory vesicle.
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Secretory vesicle
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Secretory vesicle
• Neuronal dense core vesicle
• Secreted
• Associated with the secretory granule membrane through direct interaction to SCG3 that in turn binds to cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in intragranular conditions. In pituitary gonadotropes, located in large secretory granules.

Alternative names

• Chromogranin-A
• CgA
• Pituitary secretory protein I
• SP-I
• CHGA

Database links

• entrezGene:1113
• omim:118910
• swissprot:P10645

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Neuroscience

Molecular weight

50688Da