Chromogranin-A
Function
Pancreastatin
Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.
Catestatin
Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines.
Serpinin
Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation (PubMed:21436258). Pyroglutaminated (pGlu)-serpinin exerts an antiapoptotic effect on cells exposed to oxidative stress (PubMed:21537909).
Post-translational modifications
O-glycosylated; contains chondroitin sulfate (CS). CS attachment is pH-dependent, being observed at mildly acidic conditions of pH 5 but not at neutral pH, and promotes self-assembly in vitro.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Neuronal dense core vesicle
- Secreted
- Associated with the secretory granule membrane through direct interaction to SCG3 that in turn binds to cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in intragranular conditions.
- Serpinin
- Secreted
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Pyroglutaminated serpinin localizes to secretory vesicle.
Alternative names
Chromogranin-A, CgA, Chga