Chromogranin-A

Function

Pancreastatin

Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.

Catestatin

Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines.

Serpinin

Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation (PubMed:21436258). Pyroglutaminated (pGlu)-serpinin exerts an antiapoptotic effect on cells exposed to oxidative stress (PubMed:21537909).

Post-translational modifications

O-glycosylated; contains chondroitin sulfate (CS). CS attachment is pH-dependent, being observed at mildly acidic conditions of pH 5 but not at neutral pH, and promotes self-assembly in vitro.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.

Cellular localization

• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Secretory vesicle
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Secretory vesicle
• Neuronal dense core vesicle
• Secreted
• Associated with the secretory granule membrane through direct interaction to SCG3 that in turn binds to cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in intragranular conditions.
• Serpinin
• Secreted
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Secretory vesicle
• Pyroglutaminated serpinin localizes to secretory vesicle.

Alternative names

• Chromogranin-A
• CgA
• Chga

Database links

• entrezGene:12652
• swissprot:P26339

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Oncology

Molecular weight

51789Da