CXCL10
GeneName
CXCL10
Summary
CXCL10, also known as IP-10 or interferon inducible protein 10, is an 11 kDa chemokine that is secreted and primarily expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli. It is located on the external side of the plasma membrane and in the extracellular space. CXCL10 functions as a chemoattractant, specifically binding to the CXCR3 receptor on various immune cells, facilitating their migration during immune responses. It plays a critical role in the antiviral innate immune response, endothelial cell activation, and the regulation of angiogenesis, among other processes. Its involvement in cell-cell signalling and chemotaxis underscores its importance in orchestrating immune responses and tissue homeostasis.
Importance
CXCL10 is relevant to: - The regulation of immune cell trafficking, particularly in the context of viral infections and inflammatory diseases. - The pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, where its expression can contribute to tissue inflammation and damage. - Cancer immunology, as it may influence the tumour microenvironment and the recruitment of immune cells to tumours. - Cardiovascular diseases, given its role in endothelial activation and the inflammatory response.
Top Products
For researchers investigating CXCL10, we recommend two primary antibodies that cater to various experimental needs. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-IP10 antibody (ab9807), which has garnered 40 citations, highlighting its reliability in Western blotting (WB). This product is a trusted choice for those looking to study CXCL10 in detail. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-IP10 antibody [EPR7850] (ab137018), which has been validated in knockout models and is suitable for both WB and ELISA applications. This recombinant option ensures batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent choice for researchers who require dependable results in their experiments. The Recombinant human CXCL10/IP10 protein (Active) ELISA Kit (ab280332), supported by 1 citation, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure CXCL10 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that CXCL10 is being studied in the context of inflammation and immune response, particularly in human endothelial cells and liver tissue. The use of ELISA and IHC-IF applications suggests a focus on quantifying CXCL10 levels and visualising its expression in relevant biological samples.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in a wide variety of processes such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects (PubMed:11157474, PubMed:22652417, PubMed:7540647). Plays thereby an important role during viral infections by stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells to the infected sites (By similarity). Mechanistically, binding of CXCL10 to the CXCR3 receptor activates G protein-mediated signaling and results in downstream activation of phospholipase C-dependent pathway, an increase in intracellular calcium production and actin reorganization (PubMed:12750173, PubMed:19151743). In turn, recruitment of activated Th1 lymphocytes occurs at sites of inflammation (PubMed:12663757, PubMed:12750173). Activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis also plays an important role in neurons in response to brain injury for activating microglia, the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system, and directing them to the lesion site. This recruitment is an essential element for neuronal reorganization (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
Several proteases can mediate post-secretion cleavages. DPP4 cleaves CXCL10 on its N-terminal 2 amino acids leading to an antagonist form of CXCL10. This dominant negative form is capable of binding CXCR3 but does not induce signaling. MMP9 cleaves 9 amino acids instead.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
Tissue Specificity
Mainly secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells as well as fibroblasts. Expressed by epithelial cells in thymus (PubMed:11157474). Microglial cells produce CXCL10 in response to viral stimulation (PubMed:12663757).
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
INP10, SCYB10, CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, 10 kDa interferon gamma-induced protein, Small-inducible cytokine B10, Gamma-IP10, IP-10
Database links
swissprot:P02778 entrezGene:3627 omim:147310 omim:147310
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology
- Neuroscience
- Oncology