CXCL12
GeneName
CXCL12
Summary
CXCL12, also known as SDF-1 or stromal cell derived factor 1, is an 11kDa chemokine that is secreted and found in the extracellular region, including the collagen-containing extracellular matrix and extracellular exosomes. It plays a pivotal role in various biological processes such as cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and immune responses. CXCL12 primarily functions through its binding to chemokine receptors, particularly CXCR4, and is involved in signalling pathways that regulate cell migration, organ regeneration, and neuronal guidance. Its expression is notably observed in tissues associated with immune function and development.
Importance
CXCL12 is relevant to: - Cancer metastasis, as it facilitates the migration of cancer cells to lymph nodes and bone marrow - Tissue repair and regeneration, due to its role in promoting cell migration and organ regeneration - Immune response modulation, through its influence on leukocyte trafficking and activation - Neurological disorders, as it is involved in neuron migration and axon guidance, impacting conditions such as neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases
Top Products
For researchers investigating CXCL12, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-SDF1 antibody (ab9797), which has garnered 102 citations, highlighting its reliability in various applications, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), and ELISA. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-SDF1 antibody [EPR1216] (ab155090), which has been validated in knockout models and is suitable for western blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC). With 33 citations, this recombinant product ensures batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent choice for researchers seeking dependable CXCL12 detection. The Recombinant human SDF1 protein (Active) ELISA Kit (ab259416), supported by 2 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure CXCL12 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that CXCL12 is being studied in various contexts involving human cells, particularly adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and myoblasts. The focus appears to be on the secretion and detection of CXCL12, highlighting its potential role in stem cell biology and related applications.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
Isoform Alpha is ubiquitously expressed in fetal tissues. Isoform Beta and isoform Delta have more limited expression patterns, with highest levels detected in fetal spleen and fetal liver, respectively. Isoform Gamma and isoform Theta are weakly detected in fetal kidney.
Function
Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Binds to the allosteric site (site 2) of integrins and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 in a CXCR4-independent manner (PubMed:29301984). Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. Stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. Inhibits CXCR4-mediated infection by T-cell line-adapted HIV-1. Plays a protective role after myocardial infarction. Induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells. Has several critical functions during embryonic development; required for B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived B-cell progenitors in the presence of IL7 as well as growth of stromal cell-dependent pre-B-cells (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
Processed forms SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) are produced after secretion by proteolytic cleavage of isoforms Beta and Alpha, respectively. The N-terminal processing is probably achieved by DPP4. Isoform Alpha is first cleaved at the C-terminus to yield a SDF-1-alpha(1-67) intermediate before being processed at the N-terminus. The C-terminal processing of isoform Alpha is reduced by binding to heparin and, probably, cell surface proteoglycans.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform Alpha and isoform Beta are ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels detected in liver, pancreas and spleen. Isoform Gamma is mainly expressed in heart, with weak expression detected in several other tissues. Isoform Delta, isoform Epsilon and isoform Theta have highest expression levels in pancreas, with lower levels detected in heart, kidney, liver and spleen.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
SDF1, SDF1A, SDF1B, CXCL12, Stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1, hSDF-1, C-X-C motif chemokine 12, Intercrine reduced in hepatomas, Pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor, IRH, hIRH, PBSF
Database links
swissprot:P48061 omim:600835 entrezGene:6387
Other research areas
- Immunology & Infectious Disease
- Oncology