CYCS
GeneName
CYCS
Summary
Cytochrome c, also known as CYCS, is a small heme protein with a molecular mass of 12 kDa that plays a vital role in the electron transport chain within the mitochondria. It is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and is involved in the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, facilitating the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and ultimately to oxygen. Additionally, cytochrome c is implicated in the execution phase of apoptosis, acting as a key mediator that links cellular respiration to programmed cell death. It can also be found in the cytosol and nucleus, indicating its multifunctional nature in cellular processes.
Importance
Cytochrome c is relevant to: - Apoptosis research, as it is a central component in the apoptotic signaling pathways that regulate cell death - Mitochondrial dysfunction studies, given its essential role in cellular respiration and energy production - Cancer biology, where dysregulation of cytochrome c may contribute to tumourigenesis through altered apoptotic responses - Neurodegenerative diseases, where its release from mitochondria is associated with neuronal cell death
Top Products
For researchers investigating CYCS, we highly recommend the Anti-Cytochrome C antibody [EPR1327] (ab133504). This top-selling recombinant antibody has garnered 313 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. It has been validated for use in several applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). Its versatility and reliability make it an excellent choice for those seeking consistent results in their CYCS studies. The Anti-Cytochrome C antibody ELISA Kit (ab110325), with 154 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure CYCS levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates a significant focus on the role of CYCS in various contexts related to mitochondrial function and apoptosis across multiple species, particularly in mouse and rat models. The use of different applications such as Western blotting and immunofluorescence highlights the versatility of Abcam antibodies in studying CYCS in both normal and pathological conditions, including cancer and cellular stress responses.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Involvement in disease
Thrombocytopenia 4
THC4
A form of thrombocytopenia, a hematologic disorder defined by a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood, resulting in the potential for increased bleeding and decreased ability for clotting.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the cytochrome c family.
Cellular localization
- Mitochondrion intermembrane space
- Loosely associated with the inner membrane.
Alternative names
CYC, CYCS, Cytochrome c
Database links
swissprot:P99999 omim:123970 entrezGene:54205
Other research areas
- Immunology & Infectious Disease