Skip to main content

CYP2C19

OverviewProducts

Function

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:20972997, PubMed:19965576). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307).

Pathway

Lipid metabolism; fatty acid metabolism.

Terpene metabolism; (4R)-limonene degradation.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Cellular localization

  • Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • Peripheral membrane protein
  • Microsome membrane
  • Peripheral membrane protein

Alternative names

  • Cytochrome P450 2C19
  • (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
  • (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
  • (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase
  • CYPIIC17
  • CYPIIC19
  • Cytochrome P450-11A
  • Cytochrome P450-254C
  • Fenbendazole monooxygenase (4'-hydroxylating)
  • Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
  • CYP2C19

Database links

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Cardiovascular

Molecular weight

55931Da