CYP51A1
Function
Sterol 14alpha-demethylase that plays a critical role in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, being cholesterol the major sterol component in mammalian membranes as well as a precursor for bile acid and steroid hormone synthesis (PubMed:20149798, PubMed:8619637, PubMed:9559662). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the three-step oxidative removal of the 14alpha-methyl group (C-32) of sterols such as lanosterol (lanosta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol) and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol (DHL) in the form of formate, and converts the sterols to 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol and 4,4-dimethyl-8,14-cholestadien-3beta-ol, respectively, which are intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis (PubMed:20149798, PubMed:8619637, PubMed:9559662). Can also demethylate substrates not intrinsic to mammals, such as eburicol (24-methylene-24,25-dihydrolanosterol), but at a lower rate than DHL (PubMed:9559662).
Pathway
Steroid biosynthesis; zymosterol biosynthesis; zymosterol from lanosterol: step 1/6.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in testis, ovary, adrenal, prostate, liver, kidney and lung.
Cellular localization
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- Single-pass membrane protein
- Microsome membrane
- Single-pass membrane protein
Alternative names
CYP51, CYP51A1, Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, LDM, CYPLI, Cytochrome P450 51A1, Cytochrome P450-14DM, Cytochrome P450LI, Sterol 14-alpha demethylase, Cytochrome P45014DM