DEFA4
Function
Host-defense peptide that has antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and to a lesser extent also against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi (PubMed:15317502, PubMed:15616305, PubMed:2500436, PubMed:2501794, PubMed:30658057). Exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative E.coli and E.aerogenes and Gram-positive S.faecalis, S.aureus and B.cereus and the yeast C.albicans (in vitro) (PubMed:15317502, PubMed:15616305, PubMed:17088326, PubMed:2500436, PubMed:2501794, PubMed:30658057). Interacts with pathogenic surface proteins and toxins, such as HIV-1 surface protein gp120 and B.anthracis anthrax lethal factor lef (PubMed:15620707, PubMed:30658057). Protects blood cells against infection with HIV-1 (in vitro) (PubMed:15620707). Inhibits enzymatic activity of B.anthracis lef/anthrax lethal factor (in vitro) (PubMed:30658057). Inhibits corticotropin (ACTH)-stimulated corticosterone production (in vitro) (PubMed:2843187).
Post-translational modifications
The three-dimensional structure formed by the three intramolecular disulfide bridges is indispensable for effective bacterial killing.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the alpha-defensin family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:2500436, PubMed:2501794, PubMed:2843187). Expressed in bone marrow (PubMed:8469233).
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Stored as mature peptide in neutrophil granules.
Alternative names
DEF4, DEFA4, Defensin alpha 4, Corticostatin HP-4, HNP-4, Neutrophil defensin 4, HP-4