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DPP4

GeneName

DPP4

Summary

DPP4, also known as DPP IV, CD26, or DPP-4, is an 88 kDa membrane-bound glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of various immune and epithelial cells. It is localised to the apical plasma membrane and plays a multifaceted role in cellular processes including cell adhesion, T cell activation, and the metabolism of peptide hormones such as glucagon. DPP4 exhibits dipeptidyl-peptidase activity, contributing to the inactivation of incretin hormones, and is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix dynamics and neutrophil chemotaxis. Additionally, it serves as a receptor for certain viruses, facilitating their entry into host cells.

Importance

DPP4 is relevant to: - Diabetes research due to its role in incretin hormone metabolism and glucose homeostasis - Immunology, particularly in T cell activation and costimulation, influencing adaptive immune responses - Cancer biology, where it may affect tumour progression and metastasis through its involvement in cell adhesion and migration - Viral infections, as it acts as a receptor for various viruses, impacting viral entry and pathogenesis - Cardiovascular research, given its influence on endothelial cell migration and response to hypoxia

Top Products

For researchers investigating DPP4, we recommend two primary antibodies that cater to different experimental needs. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-DPP4 antibody (ab28340), which has garnered 47 citations and is particularly effective for Western blotting (WB). This product is trusted by many in the field for its reliable performance. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-DPP4 antibody [EPR20819] (ab215711), which is validated for multiple applications, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), WB, and ELISA. With 12 citations, this recombinant antibody provides the batch-to-batch consistency that researchers often seek, making it an excellent choice for various experimental setups. The Human DPP4 (CD26) ELISA Kit (ab252365) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure DPP4 levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that DPP4 is being studied in the context of inflammation and COVID-19. The use of both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry suggests a comprehensive approach to understanding the role of DPP4 in these conditions.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Product Code
Species
Application
Study Context
PMID
ab119346
Rat
WB, IHC
Inflammation
29472575
ab28340
Human
WB
COVID-19
33013423

Domain

The extracellular cysteine-rich region is necessary for association with collagen, dimer formation and optimal dipeptidyl peptidase activity.

Function

Cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation (PubMed:10900005, PubMed:10951221, PubMed:11772392, PubMed:17287217). Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding at least ADA, CAV1, IGF2R, and PTPRC (PubMed:10900005, PubMed:10951221, PubMed:11772392, PubMed:14691230). Its binding to CAV1 and CARD11 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner (PubMed:17287217). Its interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion (PubMed:11772392). In association with FAP is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the migration and invasion of endothelial cells into the ECM (PubMed:10593948, PubMed:16651416). May be involved in the promotion of lymphatic endothelial cells adhesion, migration and tube formation (PubMed:18708048). When overexpressed, enhanced cell proliferation, a process inhibited by GPC3 (PubMed:17549790). Acts also as a serine exopeptidase with a dipeptidyl peptidase activity that regulates various physiological processes by cleaving peptides in the circulation, including many chemokines, mitogenic growth factors, neuropeptides and peptide hormones such as brain natriuretic peptide 32 (PubMed:10570924, PubMed:16254193). Removes N-terminal dipeptides sequentially from polypeptides having unsubstituted N-termini provided that the penultimate residue is proline (PubMed:10593948).

(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human coronavirus MERS-CoV-2.

Post-translational modifications

The soluble form (Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 soluble form also named SDPP) derives from the membrane form (Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 membrane form also named MDPP) by proteolytic processing.

N- and O-Glycosylated.

Phosphorylated. Mannose 6-phosphate residues in the carbohydrate moiety are necessary for interaction with IGF2R in activated T-cells. Mannose 6-phosphorylation is induced during T-cell activation.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the peptidase S9B family. DPPIV subfamily.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed specifically in lymphatic vessels but not in blood vessels in the skin, small intestine, esophagus, ovary, breast and prostate glands. Not detected in lymphatic vessels in the lung, kidney, uterus, liver and stomach (at protein level). Expressed in the poorly differentiated crypt cells of the small intestine as well as in the mature villous cells. Expressed at very low levels in the colon.

Cellular localization

Alternative names

CD26, ADCP2, DPP4, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4, ADABP, Adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, T-cell activation antigen CD26, TP103, ADCP-2, DPP IV

swissprot:P27487 omim:102720 entrezGene:1803

Other research areas