E
Function
Plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly. Acts as a viroporin and self-assembles in host membranes forming pentameric protein-lipid pores that allow ion transport. Also plays a role in the induction of apoptosis (By similarity). Regulates the localization of S protein at cis-Golgi, the place of virus budding (PubMed:33229438). May act by slowing down the cell secretory pathway (PubMed:33229438). May interfere with tight-junction stability by interacting with host MPP5. This would result in disruption of epithelial barriers, thereby amplifying inflammatory processes (PubMed:32891874).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the betacoronaviruses E protein family.
Cellular localization
- Host Golgi apparatus membrane
- Single-pass type III membrane protein
- The cytoplasmic tail functions as a Golgi complex-targeting signal.
Alternative names
4, E, Envelope small membrane protein, sM protein