ENG

GeneName

ENG

Summary

ENG, also known as endoglin or CD105, is a 71 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and involved in various aspects of vascular biology. It functions as a co-receptor for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and plays a critical role in angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration. ENG is localised to the plasma membrane and is implicated in several biological processes, including artery and cardiac tissue morphogenesis, as well as the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Its interactions with other proteins and its involvement in signalling pathways make it essential for normal vascular development and function.

Importance

ENG is relevant to: - Angiogenesis and vascular development, influencing blood vessel formation and repair mechanisms. - Cardiac development, particularly in morphogenetic processes of the heart and associated structures. - Pathologies such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, where mutations in ENG lead to vascular malformations. - Cancer research, as it is involved in tumour angiogenesis and may serve as a therapeutic target or biomarker.

Top Products

For researchers investigating ENG, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited monoclonal antibody, Anti-CD105 antibody [SN6] (ab11414), which has garnered 82 citations, highlighting its reliability in flow cytometry (FC). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-CD105 antibody [EPR10145-12] (ab169545), which has been validated in knockout models and is suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB). With 24 citations, this recombinant antibody provides the batch-to-batch consistency that many researchers seek, making it a strong choice for ENG studies. The Human CD105 ELISA Kit (ab217773) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure ENG levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates a significant focus on the use of Abcam antibodies targeting ENG in various human cell lines, particularly in studies related to drug resistance and cancer, such as melanoma and choriocarcinoma. Additionally, there is evidence of ENG detection in mouse models and adipose tissue-derived cells, suggesting its relevance in both human and animal studies.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Domain

The ZP domain mediates dimerization.

The N-terminal OR region is composed of two intertwined domains (OR1 and OR2) with a common, novel fold. Each contains 12 beta-strands that form a parallel beta-helix-like structure, plus a single alpha-helix. The OR1 region mediates interaction with GDF2.

Function

Vascular endothelium glycoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis (PubMed:21737454, PubMed:23300529). Required for normal structure and integrity of adult vasculature (PubMed:7894484). Regulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells (PubMed:17540773). Required for normal extraembryonic angiogenesis and for embryonic heart development (By similarity). May regulate endothelial cell shape changes in response to blood flow, which drive vascular remodeling and establishment of normal vascular morphology during angiogenesis (By similarity). May play a critical role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins and/or other RGD receptors (PubMed:1692830). Acts as a TGF-beta coreceptor and is involved in the TGF-beta/BMP signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the activation of SMAD transcription factors (PubMed:21737454, PubMed:22347366, PubMed:23300529, PubMed:8370410). Required for GDF2/BMP9 signaling through SMAD1 in endothelial cells and modulates TGFB1 signaling through SMAD3 (PubMed:21737454, PubMed:22347366, PubMed:23300529).

Involvement in disease

Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic, 1

HHT1

A multisystemic vascular dysplasia leading to dilation of permanent blood vessels and arteriovenous malformations of skin, mucosa, and viscera. The disease is characterized by recurrent epistaxis and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage. Visceral involvement includes arteriovenous malformations of the lung, liver, and brain.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Tissue Specificity

Detected on umbilical veil endothelial cells (PubMed:10625079). Detected in placenta (at protein level) (PubMed:1692830). Detected on endothelial cells (PubMed:1692830).

Cellular localization

• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein

Alternative names

CD105, END, ENG, Endoglin

Database links

swissprot:P17813 omim:131195 entrezGene:2022

Other research areas

• Immunology & Infectious Disease