ENO2
GeneName
ENO2
Summary
ENO2, also known as neuron specific enolase (NSE) or gamma enolase, is a 47 kDa enzyme primarily expressed in neuronal tissues and neuroendocrine cells. It plays a crucial role in the glycolytic pathway, catalysing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. ENO2 is located in various cellular compartments including the cytosol, plasma membrane, and synaptic membrane, and is associated with cellular structures such as the growth cone and membrane rafts. Its activity is linked to essential processes like canonical glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and it is involved in cellular responses to estradiol and xenobiotic stimuli.
Importance
ENO2 is relevant to: - Neurodegenerative diseases, as elevated levels of NSE in the serum are often associated with neuronal injury and can serve as a biomarker for conditions like stroke and traumatic brain injury. - Cancer research, particularly in neuroendocrine tumours, where NSE levels can indicate tumour presence and progression. - Metabolic studies, given its role in glycolysis and energy metabolism within neurons, which is critical for understanding neuronal function and survival.
Top Products
For researchers investigating ENO2, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that cater to various applications. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-NSE antibody - Neuronal Marker (ab53025), which has garnered 66 citations, underscoring its reliability in Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunocytochemistry (ICC). This antibody is a trusted choice for those studying neuronal markers. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-NSE antibody [EPR12483] - Neuronal Marker (ab180943). This product has been validated for use in WB, ICC, flow cytometry (FC), and immunoprecipitation (IP), making it a versatile option for researchers seeking consistent performance across multiple applications. With 11 citations, it is gaining traction in the research community, providing a robust alternative for ENO2 studies. The Recombinant Human NSE protein ELISA Kit (ab78797) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure ENO2 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The use of Abcam antibody ab53025 for detecting ENO2 in human prostate cancer cells highlights its relevance in studies focused on cancer biology, particularly in the context of androgen deprivation therapy and neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. The antibody's application in both western blotting and immunohistochemistry underscores its versatility in investigating the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.
Function
Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival (By similarity).
Pathway
Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the enolase family.
Tissue Specificity
The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form.
Alternative names
Gamma-enolase, 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase, Enolase 2, Neural enolase, Neuron-specific enolase, NSE, ENO2
Database links
swissprot:P09104 entrezGene:2026 omim:131360
Other research areas
- Cardiovascular