EXD2
Function
Exonuclease that has both 3'-5' exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities, depending on the divalent metal cation used as cofactor (PubMed:29335528, PubMed:31127291). In presence of Mg(2+), only shows 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity, while it shows both exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities in presence of Mn(2+) (PubMed:29335528, PubMed:31127291). Acts as an exoribonuclease in mitochondrion, possibly by regulating ATP production and mitochondrial translation (PubMed:29335528). Also involved in the response to DNA damage (PubMed:26807646, PubMed:31255466). Acts as 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease for double-strand breaks resection and efficient homologous recombination (PubMed:20603073, PubMed:26807646). Plays a key role in controlling the initial steps of chromosomal break repair, it is recruited to chromatin in a damage-dependent manner and functionally interacts with the MRN complex to accelerate resection through its 3'-5' exonuclease activity, which efficiently processes double-stranded DNA substrates containing nicks (PubMed:26807646). Also involved in response to replicative stress: recruited to stalled forks and is required to stabilize and restart stalled replication forks by restraining excessive fork regression, thereby suppressing their degradation (PubMed:31255466).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the EXD2 family.
Cellular localization
- Mitochondrion outer membrane
- Single-pass membrane protein
- Mitochondrion matrix
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
- Mainly localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane (PubMed:29599527, PubMed:31127291). May translocate to the nucleus in response to DNA damage; however mechanism that explain nuclear localization are unknown and require experimental evidences (PubMed:26807646). Recruited to replication forks following replication stress (PubMed:31255466).
Alternative names
C14orf114, EXDL2, EXD2, Exonuclease 3'-5' domain-containing protein 2, 3'-5' exoribonuclease EXD2, Exonuclease 3'-5' domain-like-containing protein 2