FASLG
GeneName
FASLG
Summary
FASLG, also known as Fas ligand or Fas, is a 31kDa type II transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis. It is expressed in various tissues and is found in multiple cellular compartments, including the plasma membrane, extracellular region, and cytoplasmic vesicles. FASLG functions primarily by binding to the Fas receptor on target cells, triggering apoptotic signaling pathways that lead to programmed cell death. This process is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. Additionally, FASLG is involved in cell-cell signaling and has been implicated in various biological processes such as necroptosis and responses to growth factors.
Importance
FASLG is relevant to: - Immune regulation and the maintenance of tolerance through its role in T cell apoptosis - Cancer biology, as it can influence tumour progression and immune evasion - Inflammatory diseases, where its dysregulation may contribute to excessive apoptosis of immune cells - Neurodegenerative diseases, given its involvement in neuronal cell death and response to neurotoxic stimuli
Top Products
For researchers investigating FASLG, we recommend two primary antibodies that cater to different experimental needs. The first is the well-regarded polyclonal antibody, Anti-Fas Ligand antibody (ab134401), which has been cited 3 times and is suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). This antibody is a trusted choice for those focusing on tissue and cell studies. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Fas Ligand antibody [EPR25843-87] (ab302905), which is validated for use in western blotting (WB) and immunoprecipitation (IP). This recombinant option provides the advantage of batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent choice for researchers requiring reliable results in their experiments. The Recombinant Human Fas Ligand Protein ELISA Kit (ab283899) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure FASLG in their experiments.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the Abcam antibody ab100515 has been utilised to study FASLG levels in Treg cells within the context of myocarditis in humans. This suggests a potential role of FASLG in the immune response associated with this condition.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/FAS, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells (PubMed:26334989, PubMed:9228058). Involved in cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development (PubMed:7528780, PubMed:9228058, PubMed:9427603). Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses (By similarity). TNFRSF6/FAS-mediated apoptosis has also a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance (By similarity). Binds to TNFRSF6B/DcR3, a decoy receptor that blocks apoptosis (PubMed:27806260).
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, soluble form
Induces FAS-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B, initiating non-apoptotic signaling pathways (By similarity). Can induce apoptosis but does not appear to be essential for this process (PubMed:27806260).
FasL intracellular domain
Cytoplasmic form induces gene transcription inhibition.
Involvement in disease
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome 1B
ALPS1B
A disorder of apoptosis that manifests in early childhood and results in the accumulation of autoreactive lymphocytes. It is characterized by non-malignant lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing. The membrane-bound form undergoes two successive intramembrane proteolytic cleavages. The first one is processed by ADAM10 producing an N-terminal fragment, which lacks the receptor-binding extracellular domain. This ADAM10-processed FasL (FasL APL) remnant form is still membrane anchored and further processed by SPPL2A that liberates the FasL intracellular domain (FasL ICD). FasL shedding by ADAM10 is a prerequisite for subsequent intramembrane cleavage by SPPL2A in T-cells.
N-glycosylated (PubMed:9228058). Glycosylation enhances apoptotic activity (PubMed:27806260).
Phosphorylated by FGR on tyrosine residues; this is required for ubiquitination and subsequent internalization.
Monoubiquitinated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
- Lysosome lumen
- Is internalized into multivesicular bodies of secretory lysosomes after phosphorylation by FGR and monoubiquitination (PubMed:17164290). Colocalizes with the SPPL2A protease at the cell membrane (PubMed:17557115).
- Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, soluble form
- Secreted
- May be released into the extracellular fluid by cleavage from the cell surface.
- FasL intracellular domain
- Nucleus
- The FasL ICD cytoplasmic form is translocated into the nucleus.
Alternative names
CD178, APT1LG1, CD95L, FASL, TNFSF6, FASLG, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, Apoptosis antigen ligand, CD95 ligand, Fas antigen ligand, APTL, CD95-L, Fas ligand, FasL
Database links
swissprot:P48023 entrezGene:356 omim:134638
Other research areas
- Immunology & Infectious Disease
- Oncology