GBP2
Function
Interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPase that plays important roles in innate immunity against a diverse range of bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens (PubMed:31091448). Hydrolyzes GTP to GMP in 2 consecutive cleavage reactions, but the major reaction product is GDP (PubMed:8706832). Following infection, recruited to the pathogen-containing vacuoles or vacuole-escaped bacteria and acts as a positive regulator of inflammasome assembly by promoting the release of inflammasome ligands from bacteria (By similarity). Acts by promoting lysis of pathogen-containing vacuoles, releasing pathogens into the cytosol (By similarity). Following pathogen release in the cytosol, promotes recruitment of proteins that mediate bacterial cytolysis: this liberates ligands that are detected by inflammasomes, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that activates the non-canonical CASP4/CASP11 inflammasome or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that activates the AIM2 inflammasome (By similarity). Confers protection to the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii (By similarity). Independently of its GTPase activity, acts as an inhibitor of various viruses infectivity, such as HIV-1, Zika and influenza A viruses, by inhibiting FURIN-mediated maturation of viral envelope proteins (PubMed:31091448).
Post-translational modifications
(Microbial infection) Ubiquitinated by S.flexneri IpaH9.8, leading to its degradation by the proteasome, thereby preventing its ability to promote host defense against bacterial infection.
Isoprenylation is required for proper subcellular location.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family. GB1 subfamily.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
- Lipid-anchor
- Golgi apparatus membrane
- Lipid-anchor
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
- GBP2-GBP5 dimers localize to the Golgi apparatus.
Alternative names
Guanylate-binding protein 2, GTP-binding protein 2, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein 2, Interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 2, GBP-2, HuGBP-2, GBP2