GNRH1
Function
Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones.
Involvement in disease
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 12 with or without anosmia
HH12
A disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. In some cases, it is associated with non-reproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss. Anosmia or hyposmia is related to the absence or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. Hypogonadism is due to deficiency in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and probably results from a failure of embryonic migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is referred to as Kallmann syndrome, whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH).
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting distinct genetic loci, including the gene represented in this entry. The genetics of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism involves various modes of transmission. Oligogenic inheritance has been reported in some patients carrying mutations in GNRH1 as well as in other HH-associated genes including PROKR2 and FGFR1 (PubMed:23643382).
Post-translational modifications
Gonadoliberin-1
The precursor is cleaved by ACE, which removes the Gly-Lys-Arg peptide at the C-terminus, leading to mature hormone (PubMed:10336644, PubMed:7683654). The mature form of Gonadoliberin-1 is also cleaved and degraded by ACE (PubMed:2983326, PubMed:7683654).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the GnRH family.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
GNRH, GRH, LHRH, GNRH1, Progonadoliberin-1, Progonadoliberin I