GPER1
GeneName
GPER1
Summary
GPER1, also known as GPER or GPR30, is a 42kDa G protein-coupled receptor that is primarily expressed in various tissues including the brain, heart, and reproductive organs. It is localised to several cellular compartments such as the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and endoplasmic reticulum. GPER1 is involved in mediating the effects of oestrogen and plays a role in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, and neuronal signalling. Its functions are linked to chromatin binding and steroid hormone binding, facilitating a range of signalling pathways including the adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathway and nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signalling pathway.
Importance
GPER1 is relevant to: - The modulation of oestrogen signalling in various physiological and pathological contexts, influencing processes like neuroprotection and cardiovascular health - The regulation of inflammatory responses, which has implications in autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation - The role in cancer biology, particularly in breast cancer, where it may affect tumour growth and response to therapy - Neurogenesis and neuronal function, contributing to our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive function
Top Products
For researchers investigating GPER1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-G-protein coupled receptor 30 antibody (ab39742), which has garnered 109 citations, highlighting its reliability in Western blotting (WB). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-G-protein coupled receptor 30 antibody [EPR23701-79] (ab260033). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for use in both WB and immunohistochemistry (IHC), making it a versatile option for various experimental needs. With 14 citations, it is gaining traction in the research community, providing researchers with the batch-to-batch consistency that recombinant antibodies are known for.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that GPER1 is primarily studied in human tissues, particularly in the context of endometriosis and endometrial samples. Additionally, GPER1 is investigated in mouse adipose tissue and human SH-SY5Y cells, highlighting its relevance in calcium signalling and metabolic studies. The use of various applications such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence suggests a comprehensive approach to understanding the role of GPER1 in different biological contexts.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that binds to 17-beta-estradiol (E2) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Stimulates cAMP production, calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase Src inducing the release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK. Mediates pleiotropic functions among others in the cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, immune and central nervous systems. Has a role in cardioprotection by reducing cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis in a RAMP3-dependent manner. Regulates arterial blood pressure by stimulating vasodilation and reducing vascular smooth muscle and microvascular endothelial cell proliferation. Plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis contributing to the insulin secretion response by pancreatic beta cells. Triggers mitochondrial apoptosis during pachytene spermatocyte differentiation. Stimulates uterine epithelial cell proliferation. Enhances uterine contractility in response to oxytocin. Contributes to thymic atrophy by inducing apoptosis. Attenuates TNF-mediated endothelial expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Promotes neuritogenesis in developing hippocampal neurons. Plays a role in acute neuroprotection against NMDA-induced excitotoxic neuronal death. Increases firing activity and intracellular calcium oscillations in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons. Inhibits early osteoblast proliferation at growth plate during skeletal development. Inhibits mature adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Involved in the recruitment of beta-arrestin 2 ARRB2 at the plasma membrane in epithelial cells. Functions also as a receptor for aldosterone mediating rapid regulation of vascular contractibility through the PI3K/ERK signaling pathway. Involved in cancer progression regulation. Stimulates cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) proliferation by a rapid genomic response through the EGFR/ERK transduction pathway. Associated with EGFR, may act as a transcription factor activating growth regulatory genes (c-fos, cyclin D1). Promotes integrin alpha-5/beta-1 and fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly in breast cancer cells.
Post-translational modifications
Ubiquitinated; ubiquitination occurs at the plasma membrane and leads to proteasome-mediated degradation.
Glycosylated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in placenta, endothelial and epithelial cells, non laboring and laboring term myometrium, fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), prostate cancer cells and invasive adenocarcinoma (at protein level). Ubiquitously expressed, but is most abundant in placenta. In brain regions, expressed as a 2.8 kb transcript in basal forebrain, frontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, caudate and putamen.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Basolateral cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Early endosome
- Recycling endosome
- Golgi apparatus membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Golgi apparatus
- trans-Golgi network
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Dendrite
- Cell projection
- Dendritic spine membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Axon
- Postsynaptic density
- Mitochondrion membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Colocalized with BSN to the active zone of presynaptic density. Colocalized with DLG4/PSD95 and neurabin-2 PPP1R9B in neuronal synaptosomes (By similarity). Endocytosed in a agonist- and arrestin-independent manner. Colocalized with RAMP3 and clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane. Colocalized with transferrin receptor at the plasma membrane and perinuclear region. Accumulated and colocalized with RAB11 proteins in recycling endosomes and trans-Golgi network (TGN), but does neither recycle back to the cell surface nor traffics to late endosome or lysosome. Colocalized with calnexin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Traffics to intracellular sites via cytokeratin intermediate filaments like KRT7 and KRT8 after constitutive endocytosis in epithelial cells. Colocalized with EGFR in the nucleus of agonist-induced cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF).
Alternative names
CEPR, CMKRL2, DRY12, GPER, GPR30, GPER1, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1, Chemoattractant receptor-like 2, Flow-induced endothelial G-protein coupled receptor 1, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1, G-protein coupled receptor 30, GPCR-Br, IL8-related receptor DRY12, Lymphocyte-derived G-protein coupled receptor, Membrane estrogen receptor, FEG-1, LYGPR, mER