GPI
GeneName
GPI
Summary
GPI, also known as PGI, NLK, or AMF, is a 63 kDa enzyme that plays a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. It is predominantly found in the cytosol and is also associated with various cellular compartments such as the ciliary membrane, extracellular exosomes, and secretory granules. GPI catalyses the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, thus contributing to glucose homeostasis and erythrocyte homeostasis. Additionally, it exhibits cytokine activity and has been implicated in processes such as endothelial cell migration and the humoral immune response.
Importance
GPI is relevant to: - Metabolic disorders, as it is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis and energy production - Erythrocyte function and health, influencing red blood cell metabolism - Immune responses, due to its role in cytokine activity and immunoglobulin production - Developmental processes, including mesoderm formation and in utero embryonic development - Stress responses, as it is involved in the cellular response to various hormonal stimuli and environmental stressors
Top Products
For researchers investigating GPI, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited Anti-AMF antibody [1B7D7] (ab66340), a monoclonal antibody that has garnered 17 citations, reflecting its reliability in the field. This antibody is validated for use in Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC), making it a versatile choice for various applications. Importantly, it has also been validated in knockout models, ensuring its effectiveness in specific experimental contexts.Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-AMF antibody [EPR11663(B)] (ab167394). This product is also validated for WB, IHC, ICC, and FC, providing the batch-to-batch consistency that researchers often require. With 4 citations, it is gaining traction in the research community. Both antibodies are excellent options for those studying GPI, each bringing unique strengths to your research toolkit. The Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ELISA Kit (ab171575), supported by 6 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure GPI levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that GPI is being studied in the context of fasting and its effects on glycolysis and cell proliferation, particularly in human CT26 cells. This suggests a focus on metabolic processes and their regulation under different nutritional states.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis (PubMed:28803808). Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, also acts as a secreted cytokine: acts as an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility (PubMed:11437381). Acts as a neurotrophic factor, neuroleukin, for spinal and sensory neurons (PubMed:11004567, PubMed:3352745). It is secreted by lectin-stimulated T-cells and induces immunoglobulin secretion (PubMed:11004567, PubMed:3352745).
Involvement in disease
Hemolytic anemia, non-spherocytic, due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency
HA-GPID
A form of anemia in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spherocytosis. It is caused by glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Pathway
Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 2/4.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylation at Ser-185 by CK2 has been shown to decrease enzymatic activity and may contribute to secretion by a non-classical secretory pathway.
ISGylated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the GPI family.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Secreted
Alternative names
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, GPI, Autocrine motility factor, D-hexose-6-phosphate anomerase, Glucose-6-phosphate C2-epimerase, Neuroleukin, Phosphoglucose isomerase, Phosphohexose isomerase, Sperm antigen 36, AMF, NLK, PGI, PHI, SA-36