GRIN2B
GeneName
GRIN2B
Summary
GRIN2B, also known as NR2B or GluN2B, is a 166 kDa subunit of the NMDA receptor, which is a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. It is predominantly expressed in the brain, particularly in neurons, and is localised to various cellular compartments including the postsynaptic density, dendrites, and the plasma membrane. GRIN2B plays a critical role in mediating excitatory synaptic transmission and is involved in processes such as learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. It functions as a ligand-gated calcium ion channel, responding to glutamate and glycine, and is essential for the regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and long-term potentiation.
Importance
GRIN2B is relevant to: - Neurodevelopment and brain plasticity, as it is crucial for synaptic transmission and neural communication - Neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, due to its role in glutamate signalling and synaptic dysfunction - Learning and memory processes, as it is involved in the mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation - Regulation of synaptic plasticity, which is important for adaptive responses in the nervous system
Top Products
For researchers investigating GRIN2B, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-NMDAR2B antibody (ab65783), which has garnered 146 citations, reflecting its reliability and trust within the research community. This antibody is particularly effective for Western blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-NMDAR2B antibody [S59] (ab93610). This product has been validated for a broader range of applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC). With 32 citations, it is also gaining recognition among researchers. The recombinant nature of this antibody ensures batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent choice for those requiring dependable GRIN2B detection.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the GRIN2B target is being studied in various contexts, including neuronal differentiation and protein expression changes. The use of immunofluorescence and Western blotting in human and mouse models highlights the relevance of GRIN2B in neurobiology.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
The extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) endows NMDARs with a unique capacity for allosteric modulation, harboring several binding sites for small molecule ligands that act as subunit-specific allosteric modulators of ion channel activity.
A hydrophobic region that gives rise to the prediction of a transmembrane span does not cross the membrane, but is part of a discontinuously helical region that dips into the membrane and is probably part of the pore and of the selectivity filter.
Function
Component of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent block by Mg(2+) (PubMed:24272827, PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26875626, PubMed:26919761, PubMed:27839871, PubMed:28095420, PubMed:28126851, PubMed:38538865, PubMed:8768735). Participates in synaptic plasticity for learning and memory formation by contributing to the long-term depression (LTD) of hippocampus membrane currents (By similarity). Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter L-glutamate to the GluN2 subunit, glycine or D-serine binding to the GluN1 subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:24272827, PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26875626, PubMed:26919761, PubMed:27839871, PubMed:28095420, PubMed:28126851, PubMed:38538865, PubMed:8768735). NMDARs mediate simultaneously the potasium efflux and the influx of calcium and sodium (By similarity). Each GluN2 subunit confers differential attributes to channel properties, including activation, deactivation and desensitization kinetics, pH sensitivity, Ca2(+) permeability, and binding to allosteric modulators (PubMed:26875626, PubMed:28095420, PubMed:28126851, PubMed:38538865, PubMed:8768735). In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. Its phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by DAPK1 enhances synaptic NMDA receptor channel activity inducing injurious Ca2+ influx through them, resulting in an irreversible neuronal death (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 6, with or without seizures
MRD6
A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRD6 additional features may include seizures, hypotonia, abnormal movements, such as dystonia, and autistic features.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 27
DEE27
A form of epileptic encephalopathy, a heterogeneous group of severe early-onset epilepsies characterized by refractory seizures, neurodevelopmental impairment, and poor prognosis. Development is normal prior to seizure onset, after which cognitive and motor delays become apparent.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
A chromosomal aberrations involving GRIN2B has been found in patients with intellectual disability. Translocations t(9;12)(p23;p13.1) and t(10;12)(q21.1;p13.1) with a common breakpoint in 12p13.1.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by DAPK1 enhances synaptic NMDA receptor channel activity (By similarity).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. NR2B/GRIN2B subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Primarily found in the fronto-parieto-temporal cortex and hippocampus pyramidal cells, lower expression in the basal ganglia.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Postsynaptic cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Dendrite
- Late endosome
- Lysosome
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Co-localizes with the motor protein KIF17 along microtubules.
Alternative names
NMDAR2B, GRIN2B, GluN2B, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 3, NR2B, NR3, hNR3