GNA13

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems (PubMed:15240885, PubMed:16705036, PubMed:16787920, PubMed:27084452). Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (PubMed:12515866, PubMed:15240885). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (PubMed:16705036, PubMed:16787920, PubMed:27084452). Inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion in process independent from Rho activation (PubMed:11976333).

Palmitoylation is critical for proper membrane localization and signaling.

Phosphorylation on Thr-203 by PKA destabilizes the heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma, and inhibits Rho activation.

Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(12) subfamily.

Expressed in testis, including in Leydig cells and in the seminiferous epithelium, in differentiating cells from the spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa stages and round spermatids (at protein level). Expressed in 99.2% of spermatozoa from healthy individuals, but only in 28.6% of macrocephalic spermatozoa from infertile patients (at protein level).

• Cell membrane
• Lipid-anchor
• Melanosome
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV (PubMed:17081065). Detected in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells and in the seminiferous epithelium, including differentiating cells from the spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa stages (PubMed:18703424). In round spermatids, also present in the nuclei (PubMed:18703424).

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13, G alpha-13, G-protein subunit alpha-13, GNA13

• entrezGene:10672
• omim:604406
• swissprot:Q14344

Proteins

Oncology

44050Da