GZMB
GeneName
GZMB
Summary
GZMB, also known as granzyme B, C11, or C-11, is a 28 kDa serine protease predominantly expressed in cytolytic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It is secreted into the immunological synapse during target cell recognition and plays a pivotal role in inducing apoptosis in infected or malignant cells. GZMB functions by cleaving specific substrates within the target cell, leading to programmed cell death, and is involved in various biological processes including granzyme-mediated programmed cell death and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. It can also be found in other cellular compartments such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular space.
Importance
GZMB is relevant to: - Cancer immunotherapy, as it is a critical effector molecule in the cytotoxic activity of immune cells against tumour cells - Viral infections, due to its role in eliminating virus-infected cells - Autoimmune diseases, where dysregulation of GZMB can contribute to tissue damage - Research into programmed cell death pathways, providing insights into therapeutic targets for diseases characterised by abnormal apoptosis
Top Products
For researchers investigating GZMB, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-Granzyme B antibody (ab4059), which has garnered 200 citations, highlighting its reliability in immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Granzyme B antibody [EPR22645-206] (ab255598), which is validated for IHC, western blotting (WB), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 76 citations, this recombinant product ensures batch-to-batch consistency and is an ideal choice for those requiring versatile applications in their research on GZMB. The Human Granzyme B ELISPOT Set (ab46581) is an excellent option for researchers looking to study Granzyme B in their experiments.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that GZMB is being studied in various contexts, particularly in relation to melanoma and carcinoma in mouse models, as well as in human lung sections and chronic HBV infection. The use of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence suggests a focus on the localisation and activity of GZMB in these biological contexts.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Abundant protease in the cytosolic granules of cytotoxic T-cells and NK-cells which activates caspase-independent pyroptosis when delivered into the target cell through the immunological synapse (PubMed:1985927, PubMed:3262682, PubMed:3263427). It cleaves after Asp (PubMed:1985927, PubMed:8258716). Once delivered into the target cell, acts by catalyzing cleavage of gasdermin-E (GSDME), releasing the pore-forming moiety of GSDME, thereby triggering pyroptosis and target cell death (PubMed:31953257, PubMed:32188940). Seems to be linked to an activation cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves caspase-3, -9 and -10 (CASP3, CASP9 and CASP10, respectively) to give rise to active enzymes mediating apoptosis (PubMed:9852092). Cleaves and activates CASP7 in response to bacterial infection, promoting plasma membrane repair (By similarity).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Granzyme subfamily.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Cytolytic granule
- Delivered into the target cell by perforin (PubMed:20038786).
Alternative names
CGL1, CSPB, CTLA1, GRB, GZMB, Granzyme B, C11, CTLA-1, Cathepsin G-like 1, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 2, Fragmentin-2, Granzyme-2, Human lymphocyte protein, SECT, T-cell serine protease 1-3E, CTSGL1, Lymphocyte protease, HLP