H1-5
Domain
The C-terminal domain is required for high-affinity binding to chromatin.
Function
Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
H1 histones are progressively phosphorylated during the cell cycle, becoming maximally phosphorylated during late G2 phase and M phase, and being dephosphorylated sharply thereafter (By similarity). Phosphorylated at Thr-11 by GSK3B during mitosis in prometaphase and dephosphorylated in telophase.
Citrullination at Arg-57 (H1R54ci) by PADI4 takes place within the DNA-binding site of H1 and results in its displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous. Expressed in the majority of the cell lines tested and in testis.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
- Mainly localizes with heterochromatin (PubMed:15911621). Associates with actively transcribed chromatin and not heterochromatin (PubMed:10997781).
Alternative names
H1F5, HIST1H1B, H1-5, Histone H1.5, Histone H1a, Histone H1b, Histone H1s-3