H2AZ1
Function
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. May be involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin. May be required for chromosome segregation during cell division.
Post-translational modifications
Monoubiquitination of Lys-122 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression.
Acetylated on Lys-5, Lys-8, Lys-12 and Lys-14 by KAT2A; KAT2A is recruited by the XPC complex in absence of DNA damage (PubMed:31527837). Acetylated on Lys-5, Lys-8 and Lys-12 during interphase; acetylation disappears at mitosis (By similarity). Acetylation by the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex is required for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance (By similarity).
Monomethylated on Lys-5 and Lys-8 by SETD6. SETD6 predominantly methylates Lys-8, lys-5 being a possible secondary site.
Not phosphorylated.
Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the histone H2A family.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
Alternative names
H2AFZ, H2AZ, H2AZ1, Histone H2A.Z, H2A/z