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HDAC9

Function

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription.

Isoform 3 lacks active site residues and therefore is catalytically inactive. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription by recruiting HDAC1 and/or HDAC3. Seems to inhibit skeletal myogenesis and to be involved in heart development. Protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation by MAPK10 and by repressing JUN transcription via HDAC1 recruitment to JUN promoter.

Involvement in disease

A chromosomal aberration involving HDAC9 is found in a family with Peters anomaly. Translocation t(1;7)(q41;p21) with TGFB2 resulting in lack of HDAC9 protein.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated on Ser-220 and Ser-450; which promotes 14-3-3-binding, impairs interaction with MEF2, and antagonizes antimyogenic activity. Phosphorylated on Ser-240; which impairs nuclear accumulation (By similarity). Isoform 7 is phosphorylated on Tyr-1010. Phosphorylated by the PKC kinases PKN1 and PKN2, impairing nuclear import.

Sumoylated.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 2 subfamily.

Tissue specificity

Broadly expressed, with highest levels in brain, heart, muscle and testis. Isoform 3 is present in human bladder carcinoma cells (at protein level).

Cellular localization

  • Nucleus

Alternative names

  • Histone deacetylase 9
  • HD9
  • Histone deacetylase 7B
  • Histone deacetylase-related protein
  • MEF2-interacting transcription repressor MITR
  • HD7
  • HD7b
  • HDRP
  • HDAC9
  • HDAC7
  • HDAC7B
  • KIAA0744
  • MITR

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Epigenetics

Molecular weight

111297Da