HDGF
Domain
The PWWP domain harbors the heparin-binding sites and is responsible for DNA-binding, while the C-terminal region is essentially unstructured.
The N-terminal region does not contain a typical signal sequence but is required for secretion (By similarity). It also determines exosomal location (PubMed:26845719).
Function
Isoform 1
Acts as a transcriptional repressor (PubMed:17974029). Has mitogenic activity for fibroblasts (PubMed:11751870, PubMed:26845719). Heparin-binding protein (PubMed:15491618).
Isoform 2
Does not have mitogenic activity for fibroblasts (PubMed:26845719). Does not bind heparin (PubMed:26845719).
Isoform 3
Has mitogenic activity for fibroblasts (PubMed:26845719). Heparin-binding protein (PubMed:26845719).
Post-translational modifications
Sumoylated with SUMO1. Sumoylation prevents binding to chromatin.
Phosphorylation at Ser-165 is likely to be required for secretion.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the HDGF family.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous.
Cellular localization
- Isoform 1
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Secreted
- Extracellular exosome
- Secreted by exosomes and is located inside the exosome (PubMed:27926477). May also be secreted as free protein via an as yet unknown pathway (PubMed:27926477).
- Isoform 2
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Secreted
- Extracellular exosome
- Secreted by exosomes and is located on the outer exosome surface.
- Isoform 3
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Secreted
- Extracellular exosome
- Secreted by exosomes and is located on the outer exosome surface.
Alternative names
HMG1L2, HDGF, Hepatoma-derived growth factor, High mobility group protein 1-like 2, HMG-1L2