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IDO1

GeneName

IDO1

Summary

IDO1, also known as INDoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase or IDO-1, is a 45 kDa enzyme primarily expressed in the cytoplasm and cytosol of various cell types, including immune cells and smooth muscle. It catalyses the oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan to kynurenine, playing a crucial role in the catabolism of tryptophan. IDO1 is involved in several biological processes, including the inflammatory response, regulation of T cell activity, and the biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan. Its activity is significant in modulating immune responses and maintaining homeostasis during stress conditions.

Importance

IDO1 is relevant to: - Immune regulation and tolerance, particularly in cancer and transplantation, as it can suppress T cell proliferation and promote T cell apoptosis. - The pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases, where its activity may contribute to the inflammatory milieu. - Neurodegenerative diseases, given its role in kynurenine metabolism, which has implications in neuroinflammation. - Female reproductive health, as it is involved in processes related to pregnancy.

Top Products

For researchers investigating IDO1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that cater to a variety of applications. The first is the well-cited Anti-Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase antibody [4D2] (ab55305), a monoclonal antibody that has garnered 38 citations for its reliable performance in Western blotting (WB) and flow cytometry (FC). In addition, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase antibody [EPR20374] (ab211017), which has been validated in knockout models and is suitable for a broader range of applications, including WB, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry (FC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 25 citations, this recombinant antibody is a robust choice for researchers seeking consistency and versatility in their IDO1 studies. The Recombinant Human Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase protein ELISA Kit (ab204138) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure IDO1 levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that the IDO1 target is being investigated in various human tissues, particularly in the context of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The studies focus on lymph nodes and LLABCs, suggesting a potential role of IDO1 in immune responses and possibly in cancer research.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Product Code
Species
Application
Study Context
PMID
ab55305
Human
IHC
Axillary lymph nodes
28913366
ab55305
Human
IHC
LLABCs
28913366
ab55305
Human
IF
Cells (A-MSC stimulation)
31885603

Function

Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (PubMed:17671174, PubMed:18026683). Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses (PubMed:25691885). Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells (PubMed:25691885). Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity (PubMed:14502282, PubMed:23103127, PubMed:25157255, PubMed:25691885). Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan (PubMed:25691885). Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection (PubMed:25691885).

Pathway

Amino-acid degradation; L-tryptophan degradation via kynurenine pathway; L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan: step 1/2.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase family.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in mature dendritic cells located in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyers's patches, the gut lamina propria, and the thymic medulla), in some epithelial cells of the female genital tract, as well as in endothelial cells of term placenta and in lung parenchyma (PubMed:25691885). Weakly or not expressed in most normal tissues, but mostly inducible in most tissues (PubMed:25691885). Expressed in more than 50% of tumors, either by tumoral, stromal, or endothelial cells (expression in tumor is associated with a worse clinical outcome) (PubMed:18418598). Not overexpressed in tumor-draining lymph nodes (PubMed:25691885, PubMed:26155395).

Cellular localization

Alternative names

IDO, INDO, IDO1, IDO-1

swissprot:P14902 omim:147435 entrezGene:3620

Other research areas