IFNG
GeneName
IFNG
Summary
IFNG, also known as interferon gamma or IFN gamma, is a 19 kDa cytokine that is secreted and primarily expressed by activated T cells and natural killer cells. It plays a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response, particularly in the activation of macrophages and the enhancement of antigen presentation. IFNG is involved in various signalling pathways, including those mediated by the type II interferon receptor, and contributes to processes such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and the cellular response to viral infections. Its functions extend to the regulation of gene expression and immune cell differentiation, making it a critical player in both innate and adaptive immunity.
Importance
IFNG is relevant to: - The modulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of viral infections and cancer immunotherapy. - Neuroinflammatory diseases, as it influences microglial activation and the inflammatory response in the central nervous system. - Autoimmune disorders, where its role in macrophage activation and cytokine production can exacerbate disease pathology. - Therapeutic strategies targeting immune modulation, given its central role in enhancing immune responses and regulating inflammation.
Top Products
For researchers investigating IFNG, we recommend two primary antibodies that stand out for their performance and reliability. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-Interferon gamma antibody (ab9657), which has garnered 108 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. This antibody is particularly effective for ELISA and Western blotting (WB), making it a solid choice for various experimental setups.In addition, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Interferon gamma antibody [EPR21704] (ab231036). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA, providing researchers with the batch-to-batch consistency that recombinant antibodies are known for. With 19 citations, it is also gaining traction in the research community. Together, these antibodies provide a comprehensive toolkit for studying IFNG effectively. The Recombinant Human Interferon gamma protein (Active) ELISA Kit (ab259377), supported by 2 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure IFNG levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that IFNG is being studied in various human and mouse models, particularly focusing on its role in inflammatory responses. The use of different applications such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry highlights the importance of this cytokine in understanding immune responses and related pathologies.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Type II interferon produced by immune cells such as T-cells and NK cells that plays crucial roles in antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor responses by activating effector immune cells and enhancing antigen presentation (PubMed:16914093, PubMed:8666937). Primarily signals through the JAK-STAT pathway after interaction with its receptor IFNGR1 to affect gene regulation (PubMed:8349687). Upon IFNG binding, IFNGR1 intracellular domain opens out to allow association of downstream signaling components JAK2, JAK1 and STAT1, leading to STAT1 activation, nuclear translocation and transcription of IFNG-regulated genes. Many of the induced genes are transcription factors such as IRF1 that are able to further drive regulation of a next wave of transcription (PubMed:16914093). Plays a role in class I antigen presentation pathway by inducing a replacement of catalytic proteasome subunits with immunoproteasome subunits (PubMed:8666937). In turn, increases the quantity, quality, and repertoire of peptides for class I MHC loading (PubMed:8163024). Increases the efficiency of peptide generation also by inducing the expression of activator PA28 that associates with the proteasome and alters its proteolytic cleavage preference (PubMed:11112687). Up-regulates as well MHC II complexes on the cell surface by promoting expression of several key molecules such as cathepsins B/CTSB, H/CTSH, and L/CTSL (PubMed:7729559). Participates in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells during development and under homeostatic conditions by affecting their development, quiescence, and differentiation (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Aplastic anemia
AA
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. It is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia.
None
Disease susceptibility may be associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Immunodeficiency 69
IMD69
A form of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, a rare condition caused by impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity. It is characterized by predisposition to illness caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and by the more virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other microorganisms rarely cause severe clinical disease in individuals with susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. Clinical outcome severity depends on the degree of impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity. IMD69 is an autosomal recessive disorder manifesting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis during the acute infection.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Proteolytic processing produces C-terminal heterogeneity, with proteins ending alternatively at Gly-150, Met-157 or Gly-161.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family.
Tissue Specificity
Released primarily from activated T lymphocytes.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
Interferon gamma, IFN-gamma, Immune interferon, IFNG
Database links
swissprot:P01579 entrezGene:3458 omim:147570
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology
- Neuroscience