Igf2
Developmental stage
At 8 dpc, 9.5 dpc and 16.5 dpc, transcripts from parental allele are detected in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues (PubMed:1997210, PubMed:28522536). At 16.5 dpc, transcripts from parental and maternal alleles are detected only in the choroid plexus and the leptomeninges (PubMed:1997210). Expressed in fetal muscle and brain tissue at 12.5 dpc (PubMed:29440408). Low levels of expression during myoblast proliferation. Levels rise rapidly during myoblast differentiation and then decrease.
Isoform 2
Predominant isoform expressed in fetal muscle tissues at 12.5 dpc.
Function
The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (PubMed:29440408). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development (Probable) (PubMed:12087403, PubMed:2330056). IGF2 is influenced by placental lactogen (Probable). Also involved in tissue differentiation (Probable). In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver (Probable). Acts as a ligand for integrin which is required for IGF2 signaling (By similarity). Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation (PubMed:16901893). Inhibits myoblast differentiation and modulates metabolism via increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate (PubMed:32557799).
Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as a physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3.
Post-translational modifications
Proteolytically processed by PCSK4, proIGF2 is cleaved at Arg-128 and Arg-92 to generate big-IGF2 and mature IGF2.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the insulin family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in the heart, blood serum, kidney and skeletal muscle including the tibialis anterior muscle.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
Igf-2, Igf2, Insulin-like growth factor 2, Insulin-like growth factor II, Multiplication-stimulating polypeptide, IGF-II