IGF2
GeneName
IGF2
Summary
IGF2, also known as IGF-2, IGF II, or MSA, is a 20 kDa secreted growth factor that plays a vital role in various biological processes, including embryonic development and organ morphogenesis. It is predominantly found in the extracellular region and is associated with the extracellular space and platelet alpha granule lumen. IGF2 exerts its effects by binding to insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor receptors, activating signalling pathways that promote cell division, differentiation, and growth. Additionally, it is involved in glucose metabolism and the regulation of T cell proliferation, making it crucial for both developmental and immune functions.
Importance
IGF2 is relevant to: - Developmental biology, particularly in studies related to embryogenesis and organ development - Cancer research, due to its role in cell proliferation and differentiation, which can contribute to tumour growth - Metabolic disorders, as it is implicated in glucose metabolism and insulin signalling - Immunology, given its influence on T cell activation and differentiation, which may impact immune responses
Top Products
For researchers investigating IGF2, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-IGF1+IGF2 antibody (ab9572), which has garnered 134 citations, highlighting its reliability in the field. This antibody is suitable for Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA, making it a versatile choice for various applications. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-IGF1 + IGF2 antibody [EPR5098(2)] (ab133542). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for use in WB and ELISA, providing researchers with the batch-to-batch consistency that recombinant antibodies are known for. With 9 citations, it is also gaining traction among scientists studying IGF2. Together, these antibodies provide robust options for your research needs.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that IGF2 is being studied in various human tissues, including corneal fibroblasts, ovarian tumors, and placental tissue. The research focuses on metabolic pathways and the effects of hormones like 17β-estradiol, highlighting the importance of IGF2 in developmental and metabolic contexts.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
During embryogenesis, detected in liver, lung, skeletal muscle and placenta.
Function
The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (By similarity). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development. IGF2 is influenced by placental lactogen. Also involved in tissue differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver (Probable). Acts as a ligand for integrin which is required for IGF2 signaling (PubMed:28873464). Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation (By similarity). Inhibits myoblast differentiation and modulates metabolism via increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate (By similarity).
Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as a physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3.
Involvement in disease
Silver-Russell syndrome 1
SRS1
A form of Silver-Russell syndrome, a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, poor postnatal growth, craniofacial features such as a triangular shaped face and a broad forehead, body asymmetry, and a variety of minor malformations. The phenotypic expression changes during childhood and adolescence, with the facial features and asymmetry usually becoming more subtle with age. SRS1 is caused by epigenetic changes of DNA hypomethylation at the telomeric imprinting control region (ICR1) on chromosome 11p15, involving the H19 and IGF2 genes.
None
The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis.
Silver-Russell syndrome 3
SRS3
A form of Silver-Russell syndrome, a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, poor postnatal growth, craniofacial features such as a triangular shaped face and a broad forehead, body asymmetry, and a variety of minor malformations. The phenotypic expression changes during childhood and adolescence, with the facial features and asymmetry usually becoming more subtle with age. SRS3 inheritance is autosomal dominant.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Thr-96 is a minor glycosylation site compared to Thr-99.
Proteolytically processed by PCSK4, proIGF2 is cleaved at Arg-128 and Arg-92 to generate big-IGF2 and mature IGF2.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the insulin family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in heart, placenta, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, tongue, limb, eye and pancreas.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
IGF-2, PP1446, IGF2, Insulin-like growth factor 2, Insulin-like growth factor II, Somatomedin-A, T3M-11-derived growth factor, IGF-II