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IGF2

OverviewProducts

Developmental stage

During embryogenesis, detected in liver, lung, skeletal muscle and placenta.

Function

The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (By similarity). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development. IGF2 is influenced by placental lactogen. Also involved in tissue differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver (Probable). Acts as a ligand for integrin which is required for IGF2 signaling (PubMed:28873464). Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation (By similarity). Inhibits myoblast differentiation and modulates metabolism via increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate (By similarity).

Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3.

Involvement in disease

Silver-Russell syndrome 1

SRS1

A form of Silver-Russell syndrome, a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, poor postnatal growth, craniofacial features such as a triangular shaped face and a broad forehead, body asymmetry, and a variety of minor malformations. The phenotypic expression changes during childhood and adolescence, with the facial features and asymmetry usually becoming more subtle with age. SRS1 is caused by epigenetic changes of DNA hypomethylation at the telomeric imprinting control region (ICR1) on chromosome 11p15, involving the H19 and IGF2 genes.

None

The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis.

Silver-Russell syndrome 3

SRS3

A form of Silver-Russell syndrome, a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, poor postnatal growth, craniofacial features such as a triangular shaped face and a broad forehead, body asymmetry, and a variety of minor malformations. The phenotypic expression changes during childhood and adolescence, with the facial features and asymmetry usually becoming more subtle with age. SRS3 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Post-translational modifications

O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Thr-96 is a minor glycosylation site compared to Thr-99.

Proteolytically processed by PCSK4, proIGF2 is cleaved at Arg-128 and Arg-92 to generate big-IGF2 and mature IGF2.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the insulin family.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in heart, placenta, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, tongue, limb, eye and pancreas.

Cellular localization

  • Secreted

Alternative names

  • Insulin-like growth factor II
  • IGF-II
  • Somatomedin-A
  • T3M-11-derived growth factor
  • PP1446
  • IGF2

Database links

Target type

Proteins

Molecular weight

20140Da