IL-1 alpha

Domain

The similarity among the IL-1 precursors suggests that the amino ends of these proteins serve some as yet undefined function.

Function

Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the IL-1 family.

Cellular localization

• Cytoplasm
• Secreted
• The lack of a specific hydrophobic segment in the precursor sequence suggests that IL-1 is released by damaged cells or is secreted by a mechanism differing from that used for other secretory proteins. The secretion is dependent on protein unfolding and facilitated by the cargo receptor TMED10; it results in protein translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) followed by vesicle entry and secretion (PubMed:32272059).

Alternative names

• Interleukin-1 alpha
• IL-1 alpha
• Hematopoietin-1
• IL1A
• IL1F1

Database links

• entrezGene:3552
• omim:147760
• swissprot:P01583

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Immunology & Infectious Disease

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Immuno-oncology

Molecular weight

30607Da