IL1B

GeneName

IL1B

Summary

IL1B, also known as IL-1 beta or interleukin-1 beta, is a 31 kDa pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. It is primarily expressed in the cytosol and is secreted into the extracellular space, where it can act on various target cells. IL1B is involved in numerous biological processes, including cell-cell signaling, immune response, and the regulation of apoptosis. It binds to interleukin-1 receptors and is implicated in the activation of various signalling pathways, such as the NF-kappaB and JNK cascades. Its functions extend to promoting angiogenesis, fever generation, and the response to pathogens, particularly Gram-positive bacteria.

Importance

IL1B is relevant to: - The study of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, due to its central role in the inflammatory response. - Cancer research, as it can influence tumour microenvironments and promote tumour progression through immune modulation. - Neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, where it is involved in glial cell activation and neuronal damage. - Metabolic disorders, given its effects on insulin secretion and lipid metabolism, contributing to conditions like obesity and diabetes.

Top Products

For researchers investigating IL1B, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the highly regarded polyclonal antibody, Anti-IL-1 beta antibody (ab9722), which has garnered 1045 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. This antibody is versatile, suitable for Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA applications. In addition, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-IL-1 beta antibody [EPR23851-127] (ab254360), which has been validated in knockout models and is ideal for those seeking the consistency that recombinant antibodies provide. This product excels in multiple applications, including WB, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC), and has received 219 citations, further establishing its credibility among researchers. Together, these antibodies provide robust options for studying IL1B effectively. The Human IL-1 beta ELISA Kit, Fluorescent (ab229384), with 8 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure IL-1 beta levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates a significant focus on the role of IL1B in various inflammatory contexts, particularly in human and rat models. Studies have explored its expression in conditions such as Kawasaki disease, epilepsy, and various forms of tissue injury, highlighting its relevance in both neurological and systemic inflammatory responses. The use of multiple applications, primarily Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, underscores the importance of IL1B as a biomarker in these studies.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Function

Potent pro-inflammatory cytokine (PubMed:10653850, PubMed:12794819, PubMed:28331908, PubMed:3920526). Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production (PubMed:3920526). Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells (PubMed:10653850). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with TNF and IL6 (PubMed:12794819). Involved in transduction of inflammation downstream of pyroptosis: its mature form is specifically released in the extracellular milieu by passing through the gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pore (PubMed:33377178, PubMed:33883744). Acts as a sensor of S.pyogenes infection in skin: cleaved and activated by pyogenes SpeB protease, leading to an inflammatory response that prevents bacterial growth during invasive skin infection (PubMed:28331908).

Post-translational modifications

Activation of the IL1B precursor involves a CASP1-catalyzed proteolytic cleavage. Processing and secretion are temporarily associated.

(Microbial infection) Cleavage by S.pyogenes cysteine protease SpeB promotes its activation independently of CASP1.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the IL-1 family.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in activated monocytes/macrophages (at protein level).

Cellular localization

• Cytoplasm
• Cytosol
• Secreted
• Lysosome
• Secreted
• Extracellular exosome
• The precursor is cytosolic (PubMed:15192144). In response to inflammasome-activating signals, such as ATP for NLRP3 inflammasome or bacterial flagellin for NLRC4 inflammasome, cleaved and secreted (PubMed:24201029, PubMed:33377178, PubMed:33883744). Mature form is secreted and released in the extracellular milieu by passing through the gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pore (PubMed:33883744). In contrast, the precursor form is not released, due to the presence of an acidic region that is proteolytically removed by CASP1 during maturation (PubMed:33883744). The secretion is dependent on protein unfolding and facilitated by the cargo receptor TMED10 (PubMed:32272059).

Alternative names

IL1F2, IL1B, Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1 beta, Catabolin

Database links

swissprot:P01584 entrezGene:3553 omim:147720

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Immuno-oncology
• Neuroscience