Insulin

Function

Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

Involvement in disease

Hyperproinsulinemia

HPRI

An autosomal dominant condition characterized by elevated levels of serum proinsulin-like material.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2

IDDM2

A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical features are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 4

PNDM4

A form of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, a type of diabetes characterized by onset of persistent hyperglycemia within the first six months of life. Initial clinical manifestations include intrauterine growth retardation, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, osmotic polyuria, severe dehydration, and failure to thrive. PNDM4 transmission pattern is consistent with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10

MODY10

A form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the insulin family.

Cellular localization

• Secreted

Alternative names

• Insulin
• INS

Database links

• entrezGene:3630
• omim:176730
• swissprot:P01308

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Immunology & Infectious Disease

Other research areas

• Oncology

Molecular weight

0Da