KDR phospho Y1054 + Y1059

Domain

The second and third Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains are sufficient for VEGFC binding.

Function

Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative regulator of VEGFA- and VEGFC-mediated lymphangiogenesis by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and/or VEGFC and preventing their binding to FLT4. Modulates FLT1 and FLT4 signaling by forming heterodimers. Binding of vascular growth factors to isoform 1 leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and activation of PTK2/FAK1. Required for VEGFA-mediated induction of NOS2 and NOS3, leading to the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. Phosphorylates PLCG1. Promotes phosphorylation of FYN, NCK1, NOS3, PIK3R1, PTK2/FAK1 and SRC.

Involvement in disease

Hemangioma, capillary infantile

HCI

A condition characterized by dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangiomas, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually presenting at birth or occurring within the first two or three months of life. They result from highly proliferative, localized growth of capillary endothelium and generally undergo regression and involution without scarring.

None

Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Plays a major role in tumor angiogenesis. In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Post-translational modifications

N-glycosylated.

Ubiquitinated. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor promotes its poly-ubiquitination, leading to its degradation via the proteasome or lysosomal proteases.

Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon ligand binding. Autophosphorylation occurs in trans, i.e. one subunit of the dimeric receptor phosphorylates tyrosine residues on the other subunit. Phosphorylation at Tyr-951 is important for interaction with SH2D2A/TSAD and VEGFA-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation at Tyr-1175 is important for interaction with PLCG1 and SHB. Phosphorylation at Tyr-1214 is important for interaction with NCK1 and FYN. Dephosphorylated by PTPRB. Dephosphorylated by PTPRJ at Tyr-951, Tyr-996, Tyr-1054, Tyr-1059, Tyr-1175 and Tyr-1214.

The inhibitory disulfide bond between Cys-1024 and Cys-1045 may serve as a specific molecular switch for H(2)S-induced modification that regulates KDR/VEGFR2 function.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. CSF-1/PDGF receptor subfamily.

Tissue specificity

Detected in cornea (at protein level). Widely expressed.

Cellular localization

• Cell junction
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Cell membrane
• Localized with RAP1A at cell-cell junctions (By similarity). Colocalizes with ERN1 and XBP1 in the endoplasmic reticulum in endothelial cells in a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent manner (PubMed:23529610).
• Isoform 1
• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Early endosome
• Detected on caveolae-enriched lipid rafts at the cell surface. Is recycled from the plasma membrane to endosomes and back again. Phosphorylation triggered by VEGFA binding promotes internalization and subsequent degradation. VEGFA binding triggers internalization and translocation to the nucleus.
• Isoform 2
• Secreted
• Isoform 3
• Secreted

Alternative names

• Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
• VEGFR-2
• Fetal liver kinase 1
• Kinase insert domain receptor
• Protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1
• FLK-1
• KDR
• KDR
• FLK1
• VEGFR2

Database links

• swissprot:P35968

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Oncology

Other research areas

• Immuno-oncology
• Immunology & Infectious Disease

Molecular weight

151527Da