KNG1
GeneName
KNG1
Summary
KNG1, also known as bradykinin or high molecular weight kininogen, is a 72 kDa protein that is primarily expressed in the blood and is involved in various physiological processes. It is secreted into the extracellular space and is found in blood microparticles and the extracellular matrix. KNG1 plays a crucial role in blood coagulation and inflammatory responses, functioning as a precursor to bradykinin, a peptide that regulates vasodilation and blood pressure. The protein exhibits multiple activities, including cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity and heparin binding, which contribute to its role in modulating cell adhesion and proteolysis.
Importance
KNG1 is relevant to: - The regulation of blood pressure and vascular tone through its role in bradykinin production - Inflammatory processes, as it is involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses and cell adhesion - Blood coagulation pathways, where it acts as a regulator of coagulation factors - Apoptosis and calcium ion concentration regulation, influencing cell survival and signalling pathways
Top Products
For researchers investigating KNG1, we recommend two primary antibodies that stand out for their performance and reliability. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-HMW Kininogen antibody (ab79653), which is particularly effective for immunocytochemistry (ICC) and has garnered 3 citations, reflecting its trustworthiness in the field. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Kininogen 1 antibody [EPR6097] (ab124737), which has been validated for use in Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA. This recombinant product has received 5 citations, showcasing its growing recognition among researchers. The consistency and versatility of the recombinant antibody make it an excellent choice for those requiring dependable KNG1 detection across multiple applications. The Anti-Kininogen 1 antibody ELISA Kit (ab97761), supported by 2 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure KNG1 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The KNG1 gene has been studied in the context of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, indicating its potential relevance in cancer research and diagnostics.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases. HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes. LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes. LMW-kininogen is in contrast to HMW-kininogen not involved in blood clotting.
Bradykinin
The active peptide bradykinin is a potent vasodilatator that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (B) induction of hypotension, (C) natriuresis and diuresis, (D) decrease in blood glucose level, (E) it is a mediator of inflammation and causes (E1) increase in vascular permeability, (E2) stimulation of nociceptors (4E3) release of other mediators of inflammation (e.g. prostaglandins), (F) it has a cardioprotective effect (directly via bradykinin action, indirectly via endothelium-derived relaxing factor action).
Involvement in disease
High molecular weight kininogen deficiency
HMWK deficiency
Autosomal recessive coagulation defect. Patients with HWMK deficiency do not have a hemorrhagic tendency, but they exhibit abnormal surface-mediated activation of fibrinolysis.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Angioedema, hereditary, 6
HAE6
A form of angioedema, a disorder characterized by episodic local swelling involving subcutaneous or submucous tissue of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, face, extremities, and genitalia. HAE6 is an autosomal dominant form with onset in adulthood.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Bradykinin
Bradykinin is inactivated by ACE, which removes the dipeptide Arg-Phe from its C-terminus.
Bradykinin is released from kininogen by plasma kallikrein.
Hydroxylation of Pro-383 occurs prior to the release of bradykinin.
Phosphorylated by FAM20C in the extracellular medium.
N- and O-glycosylated. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans.
(Microbial infection) Bradykinin is generated upon proteolytic cleavage by S.pyogenes SpeB to produce hypotension during septic shock.
Tissue Specificity
Secreted in plasma. T-kinin is detected in malignant ovarian, colon and breast carcinomas, but not in benign tumors.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Extracellular space
Alternative names
BDK, KNG, KNG1, Kininogen-1, Alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor, Fitzgerald factor, High molecular weight kininogen, Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor, HMWK