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LAIR1

Developmental stage

Complete loss of expression when naive B-cells proliferates and differentiates into Ig-producing plasma cells under in vitro stimulation.

Domain

ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitor motif) motif is a cytoplasmic motif present in 2 copies in the intracellular part of LAIR1. When phosphorylated, ITIM motif can bind the SH2 domain of several SH2-containing phosphatases, leading to down-regulation of cell activation.

Function

Functions as an inhibitory receptor that plays a constitutive negative regulatory role on cytolytic function of natural killer (NK) cells, B-cells and T-cells. Activation by Tyr phosphorylation results in recruitment and activation of the phosphatases PTPN6 and PTPN11. It also reduces the increase of intracellular calcium evoked by B-cell receptor ligation. May also play its inhibitory role independently of SH2-containing phosphatases. Modulates cytokine production in CD4+ T-cells, down-regulating IL2 and IFNG production while inducing secretion of transforming growth factor beta. Down-regulates also IgG and IgE production in B-cells as well as IL8, IL10 and TNF secretion. Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as prevents nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B p65 subunit/RELA and phosphorylation of I-kappa-B alpha/CHUK in these cells. Inhibits the differentiation of peripheral blood precursors towards dendritic cells.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylation at Tyr-251 and Tyr-281 activates it. May be phosphorylated by LCK.

N-glycosylated.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed on the majority of peripheral mononuclear cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Highly expressed in naive T-cells and B-cells but no expression on germinal center B-cells. Abnormally low expression in naive B-cells from HIV-1 infected patients. Very low expression in NK cells from a patient with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Cellular localization

Alternative names

CD305, LAIR1, Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1, LAIR-1, hLAIR1

swissprot:Q6GTX8 entrezGene:3903 omim:602992

Other research areas